Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-16221

Openjsf Fast-Uri 2.3.1 – 2.4.3

Published
19 July 2026
Modified
05 August 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 7.5
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
EPSS Score 0.0025 17th percentile
Risk Priority 56 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-16221 is a high-severity Interpretation Conflict (CWE-436) vulnerability in Openjsf Fast-Uri. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 17th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Impact: fast-uri versions from 2.3.1 through 4.1.0 (including the 3.x line up to 3.1.3 and the 2.x line up to 2.4.2) do not treat a literal backslash character (U+005C) as an authority delimiter. Node's native WHATWG URL parser, used by…

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fetch, undici, and Node's http and https clients, normalizes the backslash to a forward slash for special schemes such as http, https, ws, wss, ftp, and file. As a result, the two parsers extract different hosts from the same input string. Applications that use fast-uri to enforce host-based policy such as allowlists, denylists, loopback or SSRF filtering, redirect validation, or outbound proxy routing before passing the same URL into Node's URL or fetch consumers can be steered to an unintended destination, including cloud metadata endpoints, loopback, or internal hosts. Patches: upgrade to fast-uri 4.1.1, 3.1.4, or 2.4.3. Workarounds: none.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1557 Adversary-in-the-Middle Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to position themselves between two or more networked devices using an adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) technique to support follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-13676Same product: Openjsf Fast-Uri
CVE-2026-6322Same product: Openjsf Fast-Uri
CVE-2026-6321Same product: Openjsf Fast-Uri
CVE-2026-32065Shared CWE-436
CVE-2023-30536Shared CWE-436
CVE-2024-38428Shared CWE-436
CVE-2024-20293Shared CWE-436
CVE-2023-36456Shared CWE-436
CVE-2026-33808Shared CWE-436
CVE-2023-39481Shared CWE-436

Affected Assets

openjsf
fast-uri
2.3.1 — 2.4.3 · 3.0.0 — 3.1.4 · 4.0.0 — 4.1.1

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Developer testing and evaluation can discover cases where two products interpret the same inputs or state transitions differently.

Strict, consistently applied input validation reduces the chance that one product will accept data the other product rejects or interprets differently.

Applying security engineering principles during design can require unambiguous protocol and data-format specifications that eliminate divergent interpretations between products.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly reduce the chance of introducing parser or state-machine inconsistencies.

DE.AE-03 partial match
prevents

Correlating logs from multiple products can surface discrepancies caused by interpretation conflicts.

DE.CM-09 partial match
prevents

Runtime monitoring of software behavior can detect adverse outcomes stemming from differing interpretations.

GV.SC-07 partial match
prevents

Supplier risk assessments can identify products whose differing interpretations create systemic exposure.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing can detect and correct cases where one component misinterprets another’s state or messages.

prevents

Secure development lifecycle can require consistent interface contracts and canonicalization rules that reduce interpretation conflicts between components.

prevents

Explicit application security requirements can mandate unambiguous protocol and data-format specifications that prevent divergent interpretations.

prevents

Secure architecture principles include well-defined component boundaries and shared data models that limit conflicting state perceptions.

prevents

Secure coding standards can enforce canonical input handling and strict protocol compliance to avoid misinterpretation between products.

References