Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-1973

Memory Safety in Free5Gc ≤ 4.1.0

Public PoCMemory Safety
Published
06 February 2026
Modified
09 February 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v4 5.5
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0053 42th percentile
Risk Priority 39 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-1973 is a medium-severity Improper Resource Shutdown or Release (CWE-404) vulnerability in Free5Gc Free5Gc. Its CVSS base score is 5.5 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Endpoint Denial of Service (T1499); ranked at the 42th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SA-15 (Development Process, Standards, and Tools) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2026-1973 is a null pointer dereference vulnerability affecting Free5GC versions up to 4.1.0, specifically in the establishPfcpSession function within the SMF (Session Management Function) component. This flaw, classified under CWE-404 and CWE-476, allows manipulation that triggers a crash due to improper handling of a null pointer. The issue carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.3 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L), indicating moderate severity primarily impacting availability.

Remote attackers require only network access and face low complexity with no authentication or user interaction needed to exploit it. Successful exploitation results in a denial-of-service condition through application crashes, disrupting SMF operations in Free5GC deployments without affecting confidentiality or integrity.

Advisories recommend applying patches to mitigate the issue, with a fix available via pull request #189 in the free5gc/smf repository. Relevant discussions and the disclosed exploit details are documented in GitHub issues #815 and related threads.

The exploit has been publicly disclosed, enabling potential utilization by adversaries targeting Free5GC implementations.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A vulnerability was determined in Free5GC up to 4.1.0. The impacted element is the function establishPfcpSession of the component SMF. Executing a manipulation can lead to null pointer dereference. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been publicly…

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disclosed and may be utilized. It is best practice to apply a patch to resolve this issue.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1499 Endpoint Denial of Service Impact
Adversaries may perform Endpoint Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to degrade or block the availability of services to users.
T1499.004 Application or System Exploitation Impact
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users.
T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1489 Service Stop Impact
Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users.
T1499.001 OS Exhaustion Flood Impact
Adversaries may launch a denial of service (DoS) attack targeting an endpoint's operating system (OS).
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-1975Same product: Free5Gc Free5Gc
CVE-2026-1976Same product: Free5Gc Free5Gc
CVE-2026-1682Same product: Free5Gc Free5Gc
CVE-2026-1974Same product: Free5Gc Free5Gc
CVE-2026-2525Same product: Free5Gc Free5Gc
CVE-2026-1683Same product: Free5Gc Free5Gc
CVE-2026-1684Same product: Free5Gc Free5Gc
CVE-2026-33063Same product: Free5Gc Free5Gc
CVE-2026-44323Same product: Free5Gc Free5Gc
CVE-2026-44322Same product: Free5Gc Free5Gc

Affected Assets

free5gc
free5gc
≤ 4.1.0

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Developer testing and evaluation can discover missing or incorrect resource releases after code is written.

Documented development standards and tools can enforce null-safety rules and safe pointer usage.

Engineering principles can require explicit resource acquisition/release patterns that stop improper shutdown from being introduced.

Priority-based resource allocation limits the blast radius when released resources are not returned to the pool.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly include coding standards for correct resource allocation and release.

DE.CM-09 partial match
prevents

Runtime monitoring can detect resource exhaustion caused by improper shutdown or release.

ID.AM-08 partial match
prevents

Lifecycle management of assets can encompass proper resource release at end-of-life or shutdown.

PR.IR-04 partial match
prevents

Capacity management helps surface leaks from unreleased resources but does not prevent the coding flaw.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing can detect NULL dereference defects before release.

prevents

Including restart, recovery and media-handling instructions reduces the likelihood that resources or sensitive data will be left in an exposed or improperly released state after a failure.

prevents

Secure SDLC mandates defensive coding practices that can prevent NULL dereferences.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify input validation and pointer-safety rules.

prevents

Secure architecture principles encourage defensive design that avoids unsafe pointer use.

prevents

Secure coding standards directly require NULL-pointer checks and safe dereference patterns.

References