Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-23478

Access Control in Cal.Com 3.1.6 – 6.0.7

Published
13 January 2026
Modified
03 February 2026
CVSS Score v4 10.0
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0041 34th percentile
Risk Priority 47 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-23478 is a critical-severity Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security (CWE-602) vulnerability in Cal Cal.Com. Its CVSS base score is 10.0 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 34th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-24 (Access Control Decisions) and AC-25 (Reference Monitor) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2026-23478 is a critical authentication bypass vulnerability in Cal.com, an open-source scheduling software. It affects versions from 3.1.6 up to but not including 6.0.7, stemming from a flaw in a custom NextAuth JWT callback. Attackers can supply a target email address via the session.update() function to gain full authenticated access to any user's account. The issue carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) and is linked to CWE-602 (Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security) and CWE-639 (Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key).

Unauthenticated attackers can exploit this vulnerability remotely with low attack complexity and no user interaction required. By manipulating the session update mechanism, they achieve complete impersonation of any target user, enabling unauthorized access to sensitive scheduling data, account modifications, and potential further compromise within the application.

The official Cal.com security advisory (https://github.com/calcom/cal.com/security/advisories/GHSA-7hg4-x4pr-3hrg) documents the vulnerability, confirming it is fixed in version 6.0.7. Administrators should immediately upgrade to 6.0.7 or later to mitigate the risk.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Cal.com is open-source scheduling software. From 3.1.6 to before 6.0.7, there is a vulnerability in a custom NextAuth JWT callback that allows attackers to gain full authenticated access to any user's account by supplying a target email address via session.update().…

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This vulnerability is fixed in 6.0.7.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-66489Same product: Cal Cal.Com
CVE-2023-1647Same product: Cal Cal.Com
CVE-2023-37919Same product: Cal Cal.Com
CVE-2025-3874Shared CWE-639
CVE-2024-31491Shared CWE-602
CVE-2024-10780Shared CWE-639
CVE-2025-51682Shared CWE-602
CVE-2023-39218Shared CWE-602
CVE-2024-12305Shared CWE-639
CVE-2026-9228Shared CWE-639

Affected Assets

cal
cal.com
3.1.6 — 6.0.7

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V10.7.1
  • V2.2.2
  • V8.3.1
  • V10.4.1

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Requires a tamper-proof, always-invoked reference monitor that cannot be bypassed by client-side logic.

Enforces all access decisions on the server according to policy rather than trusting client-supplied enforcement.

Requiring explicit access-control decisions on each request blocks unauthorized key-driven access.

Enforces information-flow rules at the server boundary instead of delegating them to the client.

Least-privilege restrictions limit the scope of data reachable even if a key check is bypassed.

Monitors and controls all external and key internal interfaces so that server-side policy cannot be off-loaded to clients.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.AA-05 full match
prevents

Enforcing authorization policy and least privilege directly blocks user-controlled key tampering that bypasses access checks.

PR.IR-01 mostly match
prevents

Logical access controls prevent unauthorized data access that results from missing authorization checks on object references.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly prevent design flaws that place server security enforcement on the client.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

prevents

Secure architecture principles discourage client-side trust but do not directly address this weakness.

finds

Security testing can detect client-side enforcement but is not the primary mitigation.

prevents

Information access restriction is undermined when the client is trusted to enforce it.

prevents

Access control policy directly requires enforcement of authorization rules that prevent unauthorized access via manipulated keys.

prevents

Managing access rights includes ensuring users can only access their own records and not bypass authorization by altering identifiers.

mitigates

Privileged access rights control restricts what data each user may access, mitigating direct object reference attacks.

References