Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-25130

RCE

Published
30 January 2026
Modified
15 April 2026
CVSS Score v3.1 9.6
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0080 53th percentile
Risk Priority 69 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-25130 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 9.6 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 47% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

This vulnerability is AI-related — categorised as AI Agent Protocols and Integrations; in the Supply Chain and Deployment risk domain.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2026-25130 is an argument injection vulnerability affecting the Cybersecurity AI (CAI) framework, a tool for AI security, in versions up to and including 0.5.10. The issue resides in multiple function tools where user-controlled input is passed directly to shell commands via subprocess.Popen() with shell=True, enabling command injection. Notably, the find_file() tool is classified as a "safe" pre-approved command, allowing it to execute without requiring user approval.

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability remotely over the network with no privileges required, though it demands user interaction and low attack complexity. By injecting malicious arguments, such as -exec, into the args parameter, they achieve remote code execution (RCE) on the host system, fully bypassing human-in-the-loop safety mechanisms. The CVSS v3.1 score of 9.6 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H) reflects its critical severity, with high impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, and a changed scope.

Mitigation is addressed in commit e22a1220f764e2d7cf9da6d6144926f53ca01cde. Further details, including the full advisory, are available at the GitHub security advisory GHSA-jfpc-wj3m-qw2m.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Cybersecurity AI (CAI) is a framework for AI Security. In versions up to and including 0.5.10, the CAI (Cybersecurity AI) framework contains multiple argument injection vulnerabilities in its function tools. User-controlled input is passed directly to shell commands via `subprocess.Popen()`…

more

with `shell=True`, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the host system. The `find_file()` tool executes without requiring user approval because find is considered a "safe" pre-approved command. This means an attacker can achieve Remote Code Execution (RCE) by injecting malicious arguments (like -exec) into the args parameter, completely bypassing any human-in-the-loop safety mechanisms. Commit e22a1220f764e2d7cf9da6d6144926f53ca01cde contains a fix.

CWE(s)

AI Security AnalysisAI

AI Category
AI Agent Protocols and Integrations
Risk Domain
Supply Chain and Deployment
OWASP Top 10 for LLMs 2025
None mapped
Classification Reason
Matched keywords: ai

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
T1059.003 Windows Command Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution.
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-64340Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-5058Shared CWE-78
CVE-2025-54382Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-0756Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-41208Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-23882Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-56274Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-12940Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-5059Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-17623Shared CWE-78

Affected Assets

AI Security. In
inferred from references and description; NVD did not file a CPE for this CVE

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8
  • V15.2.5

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Developer testing and evaluation can discover missing or incorrect command sanitization during development.

Input validation directly neutralizes or rejects special characters that would otherwise alter OS command structure.

Least privilege reduces the permissions available to any process that could be subverted by injected commands.

Least functionality restricts available OS commands and interpreters, limiting the blast radius of injection.

Secure engineering principles require proper neutralization of untrusted input before command construction.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing and code review target insecure use of operating-system command interfaces, catching command-injection flaws introduced during development.

References