Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-25177

Microsoft Windows 10 21H2 ≤ 10.0.19044.7058

Published
10 March 2026
Modified
13 March 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 8.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.012 66th percentile
Risk Priority 66 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-25177 is a high-severity Improper Restriction of Names for Files and Other Resources (CWE-641) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows 10 21H2. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Data from Local System (T1005); ranked in the top 34% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2026-25177 is a vulnerability in Active Directory Domain Services stemming from improper restriction of names for files and other resources, classified under CWE-641. It affects Microsoft Active Directory Domain Services, enabling an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network. The issue received a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating high severity due to its network accessibility, low complexity, and significant impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

An attacker with low privileges, such as an authenticated domain user, can exploit this vulnerability remotely without user interaction. Successful exploitation allows privilege escalation, potentially granting higher-level access within the Active Directory environment and compromising the domain's security.

Microsoft's Security Response Center advisory at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-25177 provides details on mitigation strategies and available patches for addressing the vulnerability. Security practitioners should review the update guide promptly to apply relevant fixes.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Improper restriction of names for files and other resources in Active Directory Domain Services allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1005 Data from Local System Collection
Adversaries may search local system sources, such as file systems, configuration files, local databases, virtual machine files, or process memory, to find files of interest and sensitive data prior to Exfiltration.
T1083 File and Directory Discovery Discovery
Adversaries may enumerate files and directories or may search in specific locations of a host or network share for certain information within a file system.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-30063Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2025-21189Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2025-21268Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2025-21269Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2025-21219Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2025-47173Same vendor: Microsoft
CVE-2025-21361Same vendor: Microsoft
CVE-2025-47953Same vendor: Microsoft
CVE-2025-21402Same vendor: Microsoft
CVE-2024-43451Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607

Affected Assets

microsoft
windows 10 1607
≤ 10.0.14393.8957 · ≤ 10.0.14393.8957
microsoft
windows 10 1809
≤ 10.0.17763.8511 · ≤ 10.0.17763.8511
microsoft
windows 10 21h2
≤ 10.0.19044.7058 · ≤ 10.0.19044.7058 · ≤ 10.0.19044.7058
microsoft
windows 10 22h2
≤ 10.0.19045.7058 · ≤ 10.0.19045.7058 · ≤ 10.0.19045.7058
microsoft
windows 11 23h2
≤ 10.0.22631.6783 · ≤ 10.0.22631.6783
microsoft
windows 11 24h2
≤ 10.0.26100.7979 · ≤ 10.0.26100.7979
microsoft
windows 11 25h2
≤ 10.0.26200.7979 · ≤ 10.0.26200.7979
microsoft
windows 11 26h1
≤ 10.0.28000.1719 · ≤ 10.0.28000.1719
microsoft
windows server 2012
all versions, r2
microsoft
windows server 2016
≤ 10.0.14393.8957
+4 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SI-10 requires validation of inputs used to construct resource names, directly stopping malformed or dangerous names from being accepted.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly require input validation and sanitization to restrict resource names derived from untrusted data.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing can detect improper filename handling but does not itself prevent the weakness.

prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates input validation and safe resource naming practices that directly prevent CWE-641.

prevents

Application security requirements include rules for handling untrusted input when constructing file or resource names.

prevents

Secure system architecture principles discourage unsafe resource naming but do not prescribe specific controls.

prevents

Secure coding standards explicitly require validation and sanitization of filenames derived from external input.

References