Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-27199

Palletsprojects Werkzeug ≤ 3.1.6

Published
21 February 2026
Modified
03 March 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v4 6.3
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0056 43th percentile
Risk Priority 41 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-27199 is a medium-severity Improper Handling of Windows Device Names (CWE-67) vulnerability in Palletsprojects Werkzeug. Its CVSS base score is 6.3 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Endpoint Denial of Service (T1499); ranked at the 43th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SA-8 (Security and Privacy Engineering Principles) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Werkzeug is a comprehensive WSGI web application library. Versions 3.1.5 and below, the safe_join function allows Windows device names as filenames if preceded by other path segments. This was previously reported as GHSA-hgf8-39gv-g3f2, but the added filtering failed to account…

more

for the fact that safe_join accepts paths with multiple segments, such as example/NUL. The function send_from_directory uses safe_join to safely serve files at user-specified paths under a directory. If the application is running on Windows, and the requested path ends with a special device name, the file will be opened successfully, but reading will hang indefinitely. This issue has been fixed in version 3.1.6.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1499 Endpoint Denial of Service Impact
Adversaries may perform Endpoint Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to degrade or block the availability of services to users.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-21860Same product: Palletsprojects Werkzeug
CVE-2025-66221Same product: Palletsprojects Werkzeug
CVE-2023-25577Same product: Palletsprojects Werkzeug
CVE-2023-46136Same product: Palletsprojects Werkzeug
CVE-2023-23934Same product: Palletsprojects Werkzeug
CVE-2024-49767Same product: Palletsprojects Werkzeug
CVE-2024-35197Shared CWE-67
CVE-2024-49766Same product: Palletsprojects Werkzeug
CVE-2024-22195Same vendor: Palletsprojects
CVE-2026-27205Same vendor: Palletsprojects

Affected Assets

palletsprojects
werkzeug
≤ 3.1.6

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Input validation directly stops construction of pathnames containing Windows device names from untrusted data.

Secure engineering principles include safe pathname construction and device-name filtering.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly require input validation and safe pathname handling that prevent device-name misuse.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing in development can detect and prevent device-name pathname vulnerabilities.

prevents

Secure development lifecycle requires input validation and path handling rules that would prevent device-name misuse.

prevents

Application security requirements include validation of file/path inputs, mitigating device-name attacks.

prevents

Secure architecture principles mandate safe pathname construction and canonicalization.

prevents

Secure coding standards directly address proper handling of Windows reserved device names in pathnames.

References