CVE-2026-28416

High

Published: 27 February 2026

Published

27 February 2026

Modified

05 March 2026

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score 8.2 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N

EPSS Score 0.0002 4.8th percentile

Risk Priority 16 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2026-28416 is a high-severity SSRF (CWE-918) vulnerability in Gradio Project Gradio. Its CVSS base score is 8.2 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Network Service Discovery (T1046); ranked at the 4.8th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SC-7 (Boundary Protection) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Network Service Discovery (T1046) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.

Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

prevent

Validates untrusted inputs like the malicious proxy_url from attacker-controlled Gradio Spaces to prevent it from being added to the allowlist and enabling SSRF.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match

prevent

Requires timely identification, reporting, and remediation of the SSRF flaw in Gradio versions prior to 6.6.0 through patching or upgrades.

SC-7 Boundary Protection good match

preventdetect

Monitors and controls outbound communications at system boundaries to block unauthorized SSRF requests to internal services, cloud metadata, and private networks.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1046 Network Service Discovery Discovery

Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of services running on remote hosts and local network infrastructure devices, including those that may be vulnerable to remote software exploitation.

attack.mitre.org →

T1552.005 Cloud Instance Metadata API Credential Access

Adversaries may attempt to access the Cloud Instance Metadata API to collect credentials and other sensitive data.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

SSRF directly enables internal network service probing (T1046) and cloud metadata endpoint access for credential theft (T1552.005) from the victim server.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

Gradio is an open-source Python package designed for quick prototyping. Prior to version 6.6.0, a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Gradio allows an attacker to make arbitrary HTTP requests from a victim's server by hosting a malicious Gradio Space.…

When a victim application uses `gr.load()` to load an attacker-controlled Space, the malicious `proxy_url` from the config is trusted and added to the allowlist, enabling the attacker to access internal services, cloud metadata endpoints, and private networks through the victim's infrastructure. Version 6.6.0 fixes the issue.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2026-28416 is a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability (CWE-918) affecting Gradio, an open-source Python package for quick prototyping, in versions prior to 6.6.0. The flaw occurs when a victim application uses the `gr.load()` function to load a Gradio Space controlled by an attacker, as the malicious `proxy_url` from the Space's configuration is trusted and added to the application's allowlist without validation.

An unauthenticated attacker (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N) can exploit this by hosting a malicious Gradio Space and tricking a victim into loading it via `gr.load()`. This grants the attacker the ability to make arbitrary HTTP requests from the victim's server, including access to internal services, cloud metadata endpoints, and private networks through the victim's infrastructure. The vulnerability yields high confidentiality impact (C:H) with low integrity impact (I:L) and no availability impact (A:N), as scored at CVSS 8.2 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N).

The Gradio security advisory at https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/security/advisories/GHSA-jmh7-g254-2cq9 confirms that upgrading to version 6.6.0 resolves the issue by addressing the trusted `proxy_url` handling in the allowlist.