Raw vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:XSummary
CVE-2026-28481 is a medium-severity Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data (CWE-201) vulnerability in Openclaw Openclaw. Its CVSS base score is 5.9 (Medium).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Network Sniffing (T1040); ranked at the 18th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-3 (Access Enforcement) and AC-4 (Information Flow Enforcement) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
CVE-2026-28481 is an information disclosure vulnerability (CWE-201) affecting OpenClaw versions 2026.1.30 and earlier, with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N). The issue resides in the optional MS Teams attachment downloader extension, which must be explicitly enabled. When the downloader retries failed attachment fetches after receiving HTTP 401 or 403 responses, it erroneously sends Authorization bearer tokens to untrusted hosts that match a permissive suffix-based allowlist, enabling potential token exfiltration.
Attackers can exploit this vulnerability remotely without privileges by tricking a user into attempting to download an MS Teams attachment from a malicious domain that matches the application's suffix allowlist. User interaction is required, such as clicking a link or triggering the downloader. Successful exploitation allows the attacker to capture the leaked bearer tokens, which could grant unauthorized access to the victim's MS Teams resources or associated services depending on the token's scope.
The vulnerability has been patched in OpenClaw version 2026.2.1, as detailed in the project's GitHub commit (41cc5bcd4f1d434ad1bbdfa55b56f25025ecbf6b), security advisory (GHSA-7vwx-582j-j332), and VulnCheck analysis. Security practitioners should advise users to update to the fixed version immediately and consider disabling the MS Teams attachment downloader extension if not needed, pending patch deployment.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2026-9927
Vulnerability Data
OpenClaw versions 2026.1.30 and earlier, contain an information disclosure vulnerability, patched in 2026.2.1, in the MS Teams attachment downloader (optional extension must be enabled) that leaks bearer tokens to allowlisted suffix domains. When retrying downloads after receiving 401 or 403…
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responses, the application sends Authorization bearer tokens to untrusted hosts matching the permissive suffix-based allowlist, enabling token theft.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
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- 1 hardening rule · 1 OS baseline
V14.2.3
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Directly enforces policy-based information flow rules that block transmission of sensitive data to unauthorized actors.
Enforces authorizations on logical access so that sensitive data is not released to unauthorized recipients.
Requires validation of outbound information to ensure sensitive content is not disclosed in responses or messages.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Secure SDLC practices directly prevent insertion of sensitive data into application outputs and messages.
Monitoring runtime data flows and outputs can detect sensitive data being transmitted.
Protecting data-in-transit can include filtering or encrypting to avoid exposing sensitive content.
Protecting data-in-use includes removing confidential values before they are processed or sent.
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Data-masking techniques can prevent sensitive values from appearing in transmitted payloads.
Classification identifies sensitive data so it is not inadvertently transmitted.
Labelling makes sensitive data visible to developers and prevents accidental inclusion in outbound messages.
Information-transfer rules directly govern what data may be sent to external parties.
PII-protection requirements reduce the chance of sending personal data to unauthorized recipients.
DLP controls inspect and block outbound flows that contain sensitive information.