Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-28784

Craftcms Craft Cms 4.0.0 – 4.17.0

Published
04 March 2026
Modified
05 March 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v4 8.6
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0053 42th percentile
Risk Priority 31 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-28784 is a high-severity Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine (CWE-1336) vulnerability in Craftcms Craft Cms. Its CVSS base score is 8.6 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Template Injection (T1221); ranked at the 42th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2026-28784 is a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in Craft, a content management system (CMS). It affects versions prior to 5.8.22 and 4.16.18, stemming from the ability to craft a malicious payload using the Twig map filter in text fields that accept Twig input under Settings in the Craft control panel or via the System Messages utility.

Exploitation requires administrator access to the Craft Control Panel with allowAdminChanges enabled, which is against recommendations for non-development environments. Alternatively, a non-administrator account with access to the System Messages utility can exploit it. Successful attacks enable RCE, with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.2 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) and association to CWE-1336.

To mitigate, users should update to the patched versions 5.8.22 or 4.16.18. Advisories emphasize setting allowAdminChanges to false in production, as detailed in the Craft knowledge base article at https://craftcms.com/knowledge-base/securing-craft#set-allowAdminChanges-to-false-in-production, the GitHub pull request at https://github.com/craftcms/cms/pull/18208, and the security advisory at https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisories/GHSA-qc86-q28f-ggww.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Craft is a content management system (CMS). Prior to 5.8.22 and 4.16.18, it is possible to craft a malicious payload using the Twig map filter in text fields that accept Twig input under Settings in the Craft control panel or…

more

using the System Messages utility, which could lead to a RCE. For this to work, you must have administrator access to the Craft Control Panel, and allowAdminChanges must be enabled for this to work, which is against our recommendations for any non-dev environment. Alternatively, you can have a non-administrator account with allowAdminChanges disabled, but you have access to the System Messages utility. Users should update to the patched versions (5.8.22 and 4.16.18) to mitigate the issue.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1221 Template Injection Stealth
Adversaries may create or modify references in user document templates to conceal malicious code or force authentication attempts.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-57811Same product: Craftcms Craft Cms
CVE-2025-68454Same product: Craftcms Craft Cms
CVE-2026-28697Same product: Craftcms Craft Cms
CVE-2025-46731Same product: Craftcms Craft Cms
CVE-2026-28695Same product: Craftcms Craft Cms
CVE-2026-28783Same product: Craftcms Craft Cms
CVE-2023-36260Same product: Craftcms Craft Cms
CVE-2023-40035Same product: Craftcms Craft Cms
CVE-2020-9757Same product: Craftcms Craft Cms
CVE-2023-32679Same product: Craftcms Craft Cms

Affected Assets

craftcms
craft cms
4.0.0, 5.0.0 · 4.0.0 — 4.17.0 · 5.0.0 — 5.9.0

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.3.2
  • V1.3.7
  • V1.3.10

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Developer testing and static analysis can discover missing neutralization of template directives.

Input validation rejects or sanitizes untrusted data before it reaches the template engine, stopping injection of special syntax.

Security engineering principles require use of safe templating APIs and proper escaping of external input.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly require proper input neutralization in template engines to prevent injection.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing can detect template-injection flaws but does not itself implement neutralization controls.

prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates input validation and sanitization that directly prevents template-injection weaknesses.

prevents

Application security requirements explicitly call for neutralizing special elements in template engines.

prevents

Secure architecture principles reduce the likelihood of unsafe template processing but do not prescribe specific neutralization techniques.

prevents

Secure coding standards require proper escaping or sandboxing of template directives, directly mitigating CWE-1336.

References