Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-31236

CriticalRCEUpdated

Published: 12 May 2026

Published
12 May 2026
Modified
30 June 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0033 24.5th percentile
Risk Priority 70 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-31236 is a critical-severity Code Injection (CWE-94) vulnerability in Notion (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Python (T1059.006); ranked at the 24.5th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

This vulnerability is AI-related — categorised as NLP and Transformers; in the LLM/Generative AI Risks risk domain.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

The llm CLI tool thru 0.27.1 contains a critical code injection vulnerability via its --functions command-line argument. This argument is intended to allow users to provide custom Python function definitions. However, the tool directly executes the provided code using the…

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unsafe exec() function without any sanitization, sandboxing, or security restrictions. An attacker can exploit this by crafting a malicious llm command with arbitrary Python code in the --functions argument and using social engineering to trick a victim into running it. This leads to arbitrary code execution on the victim's system, potentially granting the attacker full control.

CWE(s)

AI Security AnalysisAI

AI Category
NLP and Transformers
Risk Domain
LLM/Generative AI Risks
OWASP Top 10 for LLMs 2025
None mapped
Classification Reason
Matched keywords: llm

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1059.006 Python Execution
Adversaries may abuse Python commands and scripts for execution.
Why these techniques?

Direct unsafe exec() of unsanitized Python code supplied via CLI argument enables arbitrary Python script execution (T1059.006).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-22807Shared CWE-94
CVE-2025-69872Shared CWE-94
CVE-2026-31217Shared CWE-94
CVE-2025-66448Shared CWE-94
CVE-2025-53890Shared CWE-94
CVE-2026-39891Shared CWE-94
CVE-2025-5120Shared CWE-94
CVE-2024-57609Shared CWE-94
CVE-2026-7466Shared CWE-94
CVE-2026-31231Shared CWE-94

Affected Assets

Notion
inferred from references and description; NVD did not file a CPE for this CVE

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-94

Makes persistent code injection into loaded programs impossible when the executable image itself resides on hardware-protected read-only media.

addresses: CWE-94

Dynamically generated code can be produced and executed inside the isolated chamber, preventing host compromise from code-injection payloads.

addresses: CWE-94

Validates inputs used in dynamic code generation to block injected directives.

addresses: CWE-94

Directly prevents execution of attacker-supplied code written into data memory regions.

References