Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-33332

DoS in Zauberzeug Nicegui ≤ 3.9.0

Published
24 March 2026
Modified
26 March 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v4 6.9
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0060 46th percentile
Risk Priority 42 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-33332 is a medium-severity Improper Input Validation (CWE-20) vulnerability in Zauberzeug Nicegui. Its CVSS base score is 6.9 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Network Denial of Service (T1498); ranked at the 46th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-10 (Concurrent Session Control) and SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2026-33332 affects NiceGUI, a Python-based UI framework, in versions prior to 3.9.0. The vulnerability resides in the app.add_media_file() and app.add_media_files() functions, which expose media routes that accept a user-controlled query parameter. This parameter directly influences file reading during streaming and is passed without validation to the range-response implementation. As a result, attackers can bypass chunked streaming, forcing the server to load entire files into memory simultaneously, which can cause excessive memory consumption, performance degradation, or denial of service when handling large media files.

The issue carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H), indicating high severity due to its network accessibility, low attack complexity, and lack of required privileges or user interaction. Remote attackers can exploit it by crafting requests to the affected media routes with a manipulated query parameter, particularly effective against servers serving large files under concurrent load. Successful exploitation leads to resource exhaustion and denial of service without impacting confidentiality or integrity.

The vulnerability has been addressed in NiceGUI version 3.9.0, as detailed in the project's security advisory (GHSA-w5g8-5849-vj76), release notes, and the patching commit. Security practitioners should upgrade to 3.9.0 or later and review deployments using these media functions, associating the flaw with CWE-20 (Improper Input Validation) and CWE-770 (Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling).

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

NiceGUI is a Python-based UI framework. Prior to version 3.9.0, NiceGUI's app.add_media_file() and app.add_media_files() media routes accept a user-controlled query parameter that influences how files are read during streaming. The parameter is passed to the range-response implementation without validation, allowing…

more

an attacker to bypass chunked streaming and force the server to load entire files into memory at once. With large media files and concurrent requests, this can lead to excessive memory consumption, degraded performance, or denial of service. This issue has been patched in version 3.9.0.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1498 Network Denial of Service Impact
Adversaries may perform Network Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to degrade or block the availability of targeted resources to users.
T1499 Endpoint Denial of Service Impact
Adversaries may perform Endpoint Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to degrade or block the availability of services to users.
T1499.003 Application Exhaustion Flood Impact
Adversaries may target resource intensive features of applications to cause a denial of service (DoS), denying availability to those applications.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1498.001 Direct Network Flood Impact
Adversaries may attempt to cause a denial of service (DoS) by directly sending a high-volume of network traffic to a target.
T1498.002 Reflection Amplification Impact
Adversaries may attempt to cause a denial of service (DoS) by reflecting a high-volume of network traffic to a target.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-52568Shared CWE-20, CWE-770
CVE-2026-0543Shared CWE-20, CWE-770
CVE-2023-47746Shared CWE-20, CWE-770
CVE-2025-57810Shared CWE-20, CWE-770
CVE-2024-39944Shared CWE-20, CWE-770
CVE-2025-61920Shared CWE-20, CWE-770
CVE-2026-45352Shared CWE-20, CWE-770
CVE-2025-12385Shared CWE-770
CVE-2023-0568Shared CWE-770
CVE-2026-50196Shared CWE-20

Affected Assets

zauberzeug
nicegui
≤ 3.9.0

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 11 hardening rules · 4 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V15.4.4

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Directly enforces a hard limit on concurrent sessions, structurally preventing unbounded resource allocation.

Developer testing and evaluation can discover missing input validation through analysis or test cases.

Requires explicit allocation of resources by priority or quota, directly stopping unlimited allocation.

SI-10 directly requires validity checks on information inputs, structurally preventing improper or missing validation.

Imposes a limit on consecutive invalid attempts, preventing one specific class of unbounded resource consumption.

Requiring documented development standards and tools can embed input-validation practices into the engineering process.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.IR-04 mostly match
degrades

Monitoring capacity and taking action to maintain availability directly reduces unchecked resource allocation.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly require and enforce input validation during development.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Baseline comparison of CPU, memory and bandwidth usage helps surface uncontrolled resource allocations before they cause service degradation.

finds

Testing against a defined set of requirements and using code review plus vulnerability scanning forces validation of inputs and handling of unanticipated conditions, reducing the chance that malformed data will be accepted.

prevents

Capacity projections and elasticity measures ensure that allocation requests are bounded and can be throttled, reducing the window in which an attacker can force unbounded resource reservations.

mitigates

Defining retention periods and deletion schedules for backup copies prevents indefinite accumulation of data on storage media without corresponding resource-management controls.

mitigates

Architectural redundancy and automatic failover limit the impact of an attacker who forces excessive allocations, because spare capacity can absorb the load until the primary instance recovers.

prevents

Secure-coding guidelines and mandatory security testing (including code scans) compel developers to validate and sanitize inputs at design and implementation time, lowering the incidence of malformed or malicious data reaching downstream components.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Oracle Linux 8 (2 rules)
  • V-248552 OL 8 must be configured so that all network connections associated with SSH traffic terminate after becoming unresponsive. prevents CWE-770
  • V-248553 OL 8 must be configured so that all network connections associated with SSH traffic are terminated after 10 minutes of becoming unresponsive. prevents CWE-770
Oracle Linux 9 (2 rules)
  • V-271710 OL 9 must be configured so that all network connections associated with SSH traffic are terminated after 10 minutes of becoming unresponsive. prevents CWE-770
  • V-271709 OL 9 must be configured so that all network connections associated with SSH traffic terminate after becoming unresponsive. prevents CWE-770
RHEL 8 (2 rules)
  • V-230244 RHEL 8 must be configured so that all network connections associated with SSH traffic terminate after becoming unresponsive. prevents CWE-770
  • V-230265 RHEL 8 must prevent the installation of software, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components of local packages without verification they have been digitally signed using a certificate that is issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) that is recognized and approved by the organization. prevents CWE-20

References