Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-43991

High

Published: 12 May 2026

Published
12 May 2026
Modified
13 May 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v3.1 8.4 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0017 6.7th percentile
Risk Priority 55 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-43991 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 8.4 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 6.7th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

This vulnerability is AI-related — categorised as AI Agent Protocols and Integrations; in the Adversarial Attacks risk domain.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

JunoClaw is an agentic AI platform built on Juno Network. Prior to 0.x.y-security-1, substring-based blocklist in plugin-shell's command-safety check could be bypassed by adversarial argument constructions, allowing unauthorized command execution on the host when combined with the companion advisory. Pre-patch,…

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the check was applied to the raw command string rather than the parsed first token. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.x.y-security-1.

CWE(s)

AI Security AnalysisAI

AI Category
AI Agent Protocols and Integrations
Risk Domain
Adversarial Attacks
OWASP Top 10 for LLMs 2025
None mapped
Classification Reason
Matched keywords: ai

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
Why these techniques?

CWE-78 OS command injection via bypass of safety check enables remote command execution on host (T1059) through exploitation of public-facing AI platform component (T1190).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-23882Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-5058Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-30635Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-34935Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-6942Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-7593Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-7785Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-42271Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-5802Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-7061Shared CWE-78

Affected Assets

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-78

Platform-independent apps typically execute inside a managed runtime or sandbox that restricts direct OS command execution, reducing the ability to exploit OS command injection.

addresses: CWE-78

Validates inputs to block special elements that would alter OS command execution.

addresses: CWE-184

Spam filters rely on evolving blacklists, signatures, and heuristics of disallowed message patterns; keeping them updated per the control directly mitigates incomplete disallowed-input lists.

References