Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-4478

Published
20 March 2026
Modified
22 April 2026
CVSS Score v4 8.2
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0027 19th percentile
Risk Priority 34 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-4478 is a high-severity Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity (CWE-345) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 8.2 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Supply Chain Compromise (T1195); ranked at the 19th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SC-13 (Cryptographic Protection) and SC-23 (Session Authenticity) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2026-4478 is a vulnerability in the Yi Technology YI Home Camera 2 firmware version 2.1.1_20171024151200, affecting an unknown function within the file home/web/ipc of the HTTP Firmware Update Handler component. It stems from improper verification of cryptographic signatures (CWE-345 and CWE-347), allowing manipulated firmware updates to bypass validation. The issue carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.1 (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating high severity due to potential impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

The vulnerability enables remote exploitation without user interaction or privileges, though it requires high attack complexity and is considered difficult to exploit. Attackers could manipulate firmware updates to achieve full compromise of the affected camera, potentially leading to unauthorized access, data exfiltration, or device takeover. A public exploit is available and could be leveraged by adversaries.

VulDB advisories, referenced at https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.351768, https://vuldb.com/?id.351768, and https://vuldb.com/?submit.773162, detail the issue but note no vendor response despite early disclosure notification. No patches or mitigations are confirmed available from Yi Technology.

An exploit is publicly available and might be used in targeted attacks on exposed YI Home Camera 2 devices.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A vulnerability was identified in Yi Technology YI Home Camera 2 2.1.1_20171024151200. This impacts an unknown function of the file home/web/ipc of the component HTTP Firmware Update Handler. The manipulation leads to improper verification of cryptographic signature. The attack is…

more

possible to be carried out remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitability is said to be difficult. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1195 Supply Chain Compromise Initial Access
Adversaries may manipulate products or product delivery mechanisms prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise.
T1553.005 Mark-of-the-Web Bypass Defense Impairment
Adversaries may abuse specific file formats to subvert Mark-of-the-Web (MOTW) controls.
T1195.001 Compromise Software Dependencies and Development Tools Initial Access
Adversaries may manipulate software dependencies and development tools prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise.
T1195.002 Compromise Software Supply Chain Initial Access
Adversaries may manipulate application software prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise.
T1542 Pre-OS Boot Stealth
Adversaries may abuse Pre-OS Boot mechanisms as a way to establish persistence on a system.
T1542.002 Component Firmware Stealth
Adversaries may modify component firmware to persist on systems.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-54774Shared CWE-345, CWE-347
CVE-2023-5747Shared CWE-345, CWE-347
CVE-2023-23940Shared CWE-345, CWE-347
CVE-2026-7689Shared CWE-345, CWE-347
CVE-2026-4115Shared CWE-345, CWE-347
CVE-2026-3706Shared CWE-345, CWE-347
CVE-2026-58262Shared CWE-345, CWE-347
CVE-2026-47304Shared CWE-345, CWE-347
CVE-2025-15598Shared CWE-345, CWE-347
CVE-2025-12295Shared CWE-345, CWE-347

Affected Assets

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 22 hardening rules · 5 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V3.5.5

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Explicit requirement to protect session authenticity structurally prevents the weakness for communications.

Requiring cryptographic protection mechanisms forces correct signature verification to be implemented for data protection.

Integrity verification tools detect (but do not stop) the acceptance of data lacking authenticity.

Associating security attributes with exchanged information supports verification of authenticity.

Integrity protection on transmitted data directly stops acceptance of unauthenticated or altered data.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.DS-01 mostly match
prevents

Digital signatures are explicitly cited to protect integrity of data-at-rest, so proper verification directly mitigates the weakness.

PR.DS-02 mostly match
prevents

Digital signatures are explicitly cited to protect integrity of data-in-transit, so proper verification directly mitigates the weakness.

RC.RP-05 mostly match
degrades

CWE-345 directly impairs RC.RP-05's verification of restored-asset integrity/authenticity, largely defeating the outcome while still leaving other restoration-confirmation steps partially viable.

ID.RA-09 partial match
prevents

Requires assessing authenticity and integrity of acquired assets, which commonly relies on signature verification but is limited to pre-acquisition.

PR.PS-06 partial match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices include code signing and signature verification requirements, addressing the weakness during development.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing can detect missing or weak data authenticity verification.

mitigates

Network controls can enforce authenticated channels, reducing risk of accepting unauthentic data.

mitigates

Secure network services often include authenticity checks for data exchanged over those services.

prevents

Cryptographic mechanisms directly verify data origin and integrity, preventing acceptance of unauthentic data.

prevents

Secure SDLC incorporates authenticity verification requirements throughout development.

prevents

Application security requirements can mandate data authenticity verification mechanisms.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Oracle Linux 8 (2 rules)
  • V-248574 YUM must be configured to prevent the installation of patches, service packs, device drivers, or OL 8 system components that have not been digitally signed using a certificate that is recognized and approved by the organization. prevents CWE-345, CWE-347
  • V-248575 OL 8 must prevent the installation of software, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components of local packages without verification they have been digitally signed using a certificate that is issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) that is recognized and approved by the organization. prevents CWE-345, CWE-347
Oracle Linux 9 (2 rules)
  • V-271525 OL 9 must have GPG signature verification enabled for all software repositories. prevents CWE-345, CWE-347
  • V-271523 OL 9 must check the GPG signature of locally installed software packages before installation. prevents CWE-347
RHEL 7 (2 rules)
  • V-204447 The Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system must prevent the installation of software, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components from a repository without verification they have been digitally signed using a certificate that is issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) that is recognized and approved by the organization. prevents CWE-345, CWE-347
  • V-204448 The Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system must prevent the installation of software, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components of local packages without verification they have been digitally signed using a certificate that is issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) that is recognized and approved by the organization. prevents CWE-345, CWE-347
RHEL 8 (2 rules)
  • V-230264 RHEL 8 must prevent the installation of software, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components from a repository without verification they have been digitally signed using a certificate that is issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) that is recognized and approved by the organization. prevents CWE-345, CWE-347
  • V-230265 RHEL 8 must prevent the installation of software, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components of local packages without verification they have been digitally signed using a certificate that is issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) that is recognized and approved by the organization. prevents CWE-345
RHEL 9 (1 rule)
  • V-257822 RHEL 9 must have GPG signature verification enabled for all software repositories. prevents CWE-345, CWE-347

References