Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-21674

Memory Safety in Microsoft Windows 10 1507 ≤ 10.0.10240.19685

CISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD ExploitedMemory Safety
Published
10 January 2023
Modified
30 October 2025
KEV Added
10 January 2023
Patch / advisory
View advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 8.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.42 99th percentile
Risk Priority 87 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-21674 is a high-severity Use After Free (CWE-416) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows 10 1507. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203); ranked in the top 1% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

Windows Advanced Local Procedure Call (ALPC) contains an elevation-of-privilege vulnerability tracked as CVE-2023-21674 and assigned CWE-416. The flaw resides in a core Windows kernel component and carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 8.8, reflecting local attack vector, low complexity, and low privileges required.

An authenticated local attacker can trigger the use-after-free condition to obtain SYSTEM-level privileges on an affected Windows system, resulting in full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability with scope change across security boundaries.

Microsoft has published patches through its Security Response Center update guide, and the vulnerability appears in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, confirming in-the-wild exploitation. The associated EPSS score has remained essentially flat near 0.20 since disclosure, indicating no material post-publication surge in observed exploitation attempts.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Windows Advanced Local Procedure Call (ALPC) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

CWE(s)
CWE-416
KEV Date Added
10 January 2023

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
attack.mitre.org →
T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-38107Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507both on KEV
CVE-2024-38193Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507both on KEV
CVE-2025-32701Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507both on KEV
CVE-2025-29824Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507both on KEV
CVE-2025-32709Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507both on KEV
CVE-2023-36802Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1809both on KEV
CVE-2021-40449Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507both on KEV
CVE-2023-24925Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2021-26411Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507both on KEV
CVE-2023-21688Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507

Affected Assets

microsoft
windows 10 1507
≤ 10.0.10240.19685
microsoft
windows 10 1607
≤ 10.0.14393.5648
microsoft
windows 10 1809
≤ 10.0.17763.3887
microsoft
windows 10 20h2
≤ 10.0.19042.2486
microsoft
windows 10 21h2
≤ 10.0.19044.2486
microsoft
windows 10 22h2
≤ 10.0.19045.2486
microsoft
windows 11 21h2
≤ 10.0.22000.1455
microsoft
windows 11 22h2
≤ 10.0.22621.1105
microsoft
windows rt 8.1
all versions
microsoft
windows server 2012
r2
+3 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 3 hardening rules · 3 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.4.3

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

SI-16 Memory Protection
addresses: CWE-416

Use-after-free exploits that achieve arbitrary code execution are blocked or significantly hardened by non-executable pages and ASLR.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly incorporate memory-safety tooling and reviews that prevent most use-after-free defects.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability identification processes can discover use-after-free issues via scanning or analysis but do not prevent their introduction.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching removes known use-after-free instances after they have been introduced in released software.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing in development can detect use-after-free bugs before release.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure SDLC mandates memory-safety practices that reduce use-after-free defects.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements can specify memory-management rules that mitigate use-after-free.

A.8.27 Secure system architecture and engineering principles partial match
prevents

Secure architecture principles include memory-safety design choices that limit use-after-free exposure.

A.8.28 Secure coding partial match
prevents

Secure coding standards directly prescribe avoidance of use-after-free patterns.

A.8.32 Change management partial match
prevents

Change-management processes help ensure memory-safety fixes are deployed consistently.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Oracle Linux 8 (1 rule)
  • V-248592 OL 8 must clear memory when it is freed to prevent use-after-free attacks. prevents CWE-416
RHEL 8 (1 rule)
  • V-230279 RHEL 8 must clear memory when it is freed to prevent use-after-free attacks. prevents CWE-416
RHEL 9 (1 rule)
  • V-257794 RHEL 9 must clear memory when it is freed to prevent use-after-free attacks. prevents CWE-416

References