Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-23391

Path Traversal in Microsoft 365 Copilot 16.0.16026.20172

Path Traversal
Published
14 March 2023
Modified
22 May 2026
Patch / advisory
View advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 5.5
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
EPSS Score 0.0065 48th percentile
Risk Priority 51 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-23391 is a medium-severity Relative Path Traversal (CWE-23) vulnerability in Microsoft 365 Copilot. Its CVSS base score is 5.5 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 48th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2023-23391 is a spoofing vulnerability affecting Microsoft Office for Android. It carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 5.5 with the vector AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N and is associated with CWE-23.

An attacker with local access and no privileges can exploit the flaw when a user performs a specific action, resulting in high impact to integrity while leaving confidentiality and availability unaffected.

Microsoft security advisories linked in the references describe available updates and mitigation steps. The EPSS score started low after disclosure, rose materially to a peak of 0.0762 on 2025-01-22, and has since receded to 0.0117, indicating a period of increased exploitation interest well after the original publication date.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A01:2025 Broken Access Control

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Office for Android Spoofing Vulnerability

CWE(s)
CWE-23NVD-CWE-noinfo

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1005 Data from Local System Collection
Adversaries may search local system sources, such as file systems, configuration files, local databases, virtual machine files, or process memory, to find files of interest and sensitive data prior to Exfiltration.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-23379Same vendor: Microsoft
CVE-2026-56196Same vendor: Microsoft
CVE-2023-35359Same vendor: Microsoft
CVE-2025-62552Same vendor: Microsoft
CVE-2024-30010Same vendor: Microsoft
CVE-2024-43614Same vendor: Microsoft
CVE-2026-50454Same vendor: Microsoft
CVE-2025-53779Same vendor: Microsoft
CVE-2026-50426Same vendor: Microsoft
CVE-2026-47287Same vendor: Microsoft

Affected Assets

microsoft
365 copilot
16.0.16026.20172

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V5.3.2

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly require input validation and path sanitization that prevent relative traversal.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing in development catches path traversal via static/dynamic analysis, but does not itself implement the fix.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure development lifecycle mandates input validation and path-handling controls that directly prevent relative path traversal.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements explicitly call for controls against path traversal and other injection flaws.

A.8.27 Secure system architecture and engineering principles partial match
prevents

Secure architecture principles include directory isolation and canonicalization, reducing but not eliminating traversal risk.

A.8.28 Secure coding partial match
prevents

Secure coding standards require neutralizing path traversal sequences, directly addressing CWE-23.

A.8.3 Information access restriction partial match
mitigates

Information access restriction limits which files can be reached, mitigating impact but not preventing the traversal flaw.

References