CVE-2023-28222

Microsoft Windows Server 2008 r2

Published

11 April 2023

Modified

21 November 2024

Patch / advisory

View advisory

CVSS Score v3.1 7.1

Click a component to see what it means

Raw vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H

EPSS Score 0.0068 51th percentile

Risk Priority 54 floored blend · peak EPSS

CVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.

Summary

CVE-2023-28222 is a high-severity Link Following (CWE-59) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows Server 2008. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Security Account Manager (T1003.002); ranked in the top 49% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2023-31930

Vulnerability Data

Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

CWE(s): CWE-59 NVD-CWE-noinfo

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1003.002 Security Account Manager Credential Access

Adversaries may attempt to extract credential material from the Security Account Manager (SAM) database either through in-memory techniques or through the Windows Registry where the SAM database is stored.

attack.mitre.org →

T1003.005 Cached Domain Credentials Credential Access

Adversaries may attempt to access cached domain credentials used to allow authentication to occur in the event a domain controller is unavailable.

attack.mitre.org →

T1011 Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium Exfiltration

Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data over a different network medium than the command and control channel.

attack.mitre.org →

T1016 System Network Configuration Discovery Discovery

Adversaries may look for details about the network configuration and settings, such as IP and/or MAC addresses, of systems they access or through information discovery of remote systems.

attack.mitre.org →

T1020 Automated Exfiltration Exfiltration

Adversaries may exfiltrate data, such as sensitive documents, through the use of automated processing after being gathered during Collection.

attack.mitre.org →

T1021.003 Distributed Component Object Model Lateral Movement

Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.

attack.mitre.org →

Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-35342Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507

CVE-2023-36874Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507

CVE-2023-29351Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507

CVE-2023-32053Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507

CVE-2023-36711Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507

CVE-2024-30093Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507

CVE-2023-36705Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507

CVE-2024-26158Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507

CVE-2023-36903Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607

CVE-2023-21678Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607

Affected Assets

microsoft

windows 10 1507

≤ 10.0.10240.19869

microsoft

windows 10 1607

≤ 10.0.14393.5850

microsoft

windows 10 1809

≤ 10.0.17763.4252

microsoft

windows 10 20h2

≤ 10.0.19042.2846

microsoft

windows 10 21h2

≤ 10.0.19044.2846

microsoft

windows 10 22h2

≤ 10.0.19045.2846

microsoft

windows 11 21h2

≤ 10.0.22000.1817

microsoft

windows 11 22h2

≤ 10.0.22621.1555

microsoft

windows server 2008

all versions, r2

microsoft

windows server 2012

all versions, r2

+3 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 partial match

blocks

Secure SDLC practices directly require code to validate paths and avoid unsafe link following.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.5.14 Information transfer partial match

removes

A.5.15 Access control partial match

removes

A.5.16 Identity management partial match

removes

A.5.17 Authentication information partial match

removes

A.5.18 Access rights partial match

removes

A.8.10 Information deletion partial match

removes