Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-36424

Memory Safety in Microsoft Windows 10 1809 ≤ 10.0.17763.5122

CISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD ExploitedMemory Safety
Published
14 November 2023
Modified
14 April 2026
KEV Added
13 April 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 7.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.12 96th percentile
Risk Priority 83 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-36424 is a high-severity Out-of-bounds Read (CWE-125) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows 10 1809. Its CVSS base score is 7.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked in the top 4% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2023-36424 is an elevation-of-privilege vulnerability in the Windows Common Log File System (CLFS) Driver, stemming from an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125). The flaw affects the kernel-mode driver responsible for handling log files on Windows systems and carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 7.8, reflecting local attack vector, low complexity, and low required privileges.

A local attacker with a low-privileged account can exploit the flaw to read memory beyond intended bounds, enabling escalation to higher privileges and full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability on the affected host.

Microsoft has published updates addressing the issue through its Security Response Center, while CISA includes the CVE in its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, indicating that federal agencies must apply the patches according to the published timelines.

EPSS for the vulnerability rose from a low baseline to a peak of 0.2029 on 2025-12-11 before receding to the current value of 0.0976, demonstrating a clear post-disclosure increase in exploitation interest that later moderated.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Windows Common Log File System Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

CWE(s)
KEV Date Added
13 April 2026

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
T1211 Exploitation for Stealth Stealth
Adversaries may exploit vulnerabilities to evade detection by hiding activity, suppressing logging, or operating within trusted or unmonitored components.
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-24991Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507both on KEV
CVE-2024-30037Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2023-36428Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2024-38048Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2024-21311Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2024-29996Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2024-38057Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2024-26174Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2024-21314Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2024-38028Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507

Affected Assets

microsoft
windows 10 1507
≤ 10.0.10240.20308 · ≤ 10.0.10240.20308
microsoft
windows 10 1607
≤ 10.0.14393.6452 · ≤ 10.0.14393.6452
microsoft
windows 10 1809
≤ 10.0.17763.5122 · ≤ 10.0.17763.5122 · ≤ 10.0.17763.5122
microsoft
windows 10 21h2
≤ 10.0.19044.3693
microsoft
windows 10 22h2
≤ 10.0.19045.3693
microsoft
windows 11 21h2
≤ 10.0.22000.2600
microsoft
windows 11 22h2
≤ 10.0.22621.2715
microsoft
windows 11 23h2
≤ 10.0.22631.2715
microsoft
windows server 2008
all versions, r2
microsoft
windows server 2012
all versions, r2
+4 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure-development practices such as bounds checking and memory-safe languages directly prevent out-of-bounds reads.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability scanning and recording can discover instances of out-of-bounds reads after code is deployed.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching replaces vulnerable code containing out-of-bounds read flaws.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing in development and acceptance includes fuzzing and static analysis that detect out-of-bounds read defects before release.

A.8.15 Logging partial match
finds

Logging can record evidence of an out-of-bounds read but does not prevent the weakness itself.

prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates input validation and bounds checking that directly prevent out-of-bounds reads.

prevents

Application security requirements include explicit bounds and memory-safety specifications that mitigate buffer over-reads.

prevents

Secure system architecture and engineering principles require memory-safe design patterns and runtime protections against out-of-bounds access.

prevents

Secure coding standards explicitly forbid unsafe pointer arithmetic and mandate bounds-checked reads, eliminating CWE-125.

References