Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-40050

RCE in Chef Automate ≤ 4.10.29

Published
31 October 2023
Modified
21 November 2024
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 9.9
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.012 65th percentile
Risk Priority 80 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-40050 is a critical-severity Code Injection (CWE-94) vulnerability in Chef Automate. Its CVSS base score is 9.9 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 35% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2023-40050 is a remote code execution vulnerability affecting Chef Automate versions up to and including 4.10.29. It stems from insufficient validation when users upload InSpec profiles through either the API or the web interface; a maliciously crafted profile supplied to the InSpec check command can cause arbitrary code to execute on the server. The flaw is tracked under CWE-94 and CWE-434 and carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 9.9.

An attacker who already possesses low-privileged credentials can exploit the issue over the network without user interaction. Successful exploitation grants the ability to run arbitrary commands with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, and the changed scope indicates the compromise can affect resources beyond the Automate instance itself.

Progress Chef has published a Product Alert Bulletin and updated release notes that direct customers to apply the remediation contained in versions newer than 4.10.29. The current and peak EPSS score for the CVE is 0.1727; no material rise after disclosure is recorded in the available data.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Upload profile either through API or user interface in Chef Automate prior to and including version 4.10.29 using InSpec check command with maliciously crafted profile allows remote code execution.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
T1059.002 AppleScript Execution
Adversaries may abuse AppleScript for execution.
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
T1059.005 Visual Basic Execution
Adversaries may abuse Visual Basic (VB) for execution.
T1059.006 Python Execution
Adversaries may abuse Python commands and scripts for execution.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-42658Same vendor: Chef
CVE-2026-25510Shared CWE-434, CWE-94
CVE-2025-58745Shared CWE-434, CWE-94
CVE-2024-40546Shared CWE-434, CWE-94
CVE-2025-58159Shared CWE-434, CWE-94
CVE-2023-5604Shared CWE-434, CWE-94
CVE-2023-48217Shared CWE-434, CWE-94
CVE-2021-25003Shared CWE-434, CWE-94
CVE-2023-6846Shared CWE-434, CWE-94
CVE-2026-42879Shared CWE-434, CWE-94

Affected Assets

chef
automate
≤ 4.10.29

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V5.1.1
  • V1.3.1

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-434 CWE-94

Dangerous file uploads can be detonated in the chamber to determine malice before any production write or execution occurs.

addresses: CWE-434

Requiring identifiable owners for portable devices reduces the attack surface for unrestricted uploads of dangerous file types via anonymous media.

addresses: CWE-94

Makes persistent code injection into loaded programs impossible when the executable image itself resides on hardware-protected read-only media.

addresses: CWE-434

Prevents unrestricted writing of arbitrary or malicious firmware by keeping hardware write-protect enabled except under tightly controlled manual procedures.

addresses: CWE-94

Validates inputs used in dynamic code generation to block injected directives.

addresses: CWE-94

Directly prevents execution of attacker-supplied code written into data memory regions.

addresses: CWE-434

Scans files from external sources on download/open/execute, blocking unrestricted uploads of dangerous file types.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-05 mostly match
prevents

Restricting execution of unauthorized software directly blocks dangerous uploaded files from running.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly target injection flaws via secure coding and testing (mostly), yet as a single broad outcome it leaves many code-generation specifics unaddressed (partial).

PR.PS-01 partial match
prevents

Hardened configuration baselines can enforce allowed file types and processing rules.

PR.DS-10 none match
prevents

PR.DS-10 protects runtime data confidentiality/integrity but has no bearing on neutralizing externally influenced input during code generation, so neither direction shows any preventive effect.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Configuration and acceptance testing verify that file-upload handling enforces allowed types and does not permit dangerous content to be stored or executed.

prevents

Secure-coding guidelines and security testing explicitly address restrictions on allowed file types and upload handling, reducing the risk that dangerous file uploads are accepted without validation.

prevents

Banning unapproved code samples and unauthenticated web services, combined with secure-coding standards and SAST, prevents the dynamic generation or inclusion of attacker-supplied code.

prevents

Mandated testing for malicious content and known vulnerabilities reduces the likelihood that an outsourced component will contain or accept dangerous file types that could later be uploaded or executed.

mitigates

Application allow-listing and pre-use scanning of received files directly blocks the introduction of executable content that has not been vetted, eliminating the primary vector for unrestricted dangerous file uploads.

References