CVE-2023-45225
Published: 08 November 2023
Summary
CVE-2023-45225 is a critical-severity Stack-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-121) vulnerability in Zavio Cf7500 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).
Operationally, ranked in the top 25.7% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
Deeper analysis
Zavio IP cameras including models CF7500, CF7300, CF7201, CF7501, CB3211, CB3212, CB5220, CB6231, B8520, B8220, and CD321 running firmware version M2.1.6.05 contain multiple stack-based buffer overflows. The flaws occur during parsing of specific XML elements in incoming network requests, where the software fails to validate buffer sizes before writing data, leading to out-of-bounds writes as described by CWE-121 and CWE-787.
An unauthenticated attacker with network access can send crafted XML requests to trigger the overflows and achieve remote code execution on the affected devices. The vulnerability carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 9.8, reflecting that no authentication, user interaction, or special conditions are required for exploitation.
CISA has published ICS advisory ICSA-23-304-03 detailing the issue for industrial control systems operators.
The EPSS score for this CVE rose sharply from a low baseline after disclosure to a peak of 0.5954 on 2025-01-22 before receding, indicating that exploitation interest emerged well after the initial publication.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2023-49531
Vulnerability details
Zavio CF7500, CF7300, CF7201, CF7501, CB3211, CB3212, CB5220, CB6231, B8520, B8220, and CD321 IP Cameras with firmware version M2.1.6.05 are vulnerable to multiple instances of stack-based overflows. While parsing certain XML elements from incoming network requests, the product does not…
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sufficiently check or validate allocated buffer size. This may lead to remote code execution.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
No named actor attribution yet. ATT&CK technique mapping in progress for this CVE.
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Likely Mitigating Controls AI
Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.
Out-of-bounds writes that corrupt control flow or inject shellcode are rendered non-executable by the same memory protections.