Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-46589

High

Published: 28 November 2023

Published
28 November 2023
Modified
07 August 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v3.1 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
EPSS Score 0.5316 98.0th percentile
Risk Priority 47 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2023-46589 is a high-severity HTTP Request/Response Smuggling (CWE-444) vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).

Operationally, ranked in the top 2.0% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

Deeper analysis

Apache Tomcat contains an improper input validation vulnerability (CWE-444) affecting versions 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M10, 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.15, 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.82, and 8.5.0 through 8.5.95, along with certain older end-of-life releases. The flaw stems from incorrect parsing of HTTP trailer headers that exceed the configured size limit, allowing a single request to be misinterpreted as multiple requests.

An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit the issue over the network by supplying a malicious trailer header in an HTTP request. When Tomcat operates behind a reverse proxy, this can enable request smuggling attacks that achieve high-integrity impacts such as bypassing access controls or cache poisoning, consistent with the CVSS 7.5 rating.

Apache project advisories direct users to upgrade to 11.0.0-M11, 10.1.16, 9.0.83, or 8.5.96 or later to resolve the parsing error. Coordinated notices from Debian LTS and NetApp similarly reference these patched releases and the associated Apache mailing-list announcements.

The EPSS score reached a peak of 0.5951 with a current value of 0.5316.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat.Tomcat from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M10, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.15, from 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.82 and from 8.5.0 through 8.5.95 did not correctly parse HTTP trailer headers. A trailer header that exceeded the header size limit…

more

could cause Tomcat to treat a single request as multiple requests leading to the possibility of request smuggling when behind a reverse proxy. Older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.0-M11 onwards, 10.1.16 onwards, 9.0.83 onwards or 8.5.96 onwards, which fix the issue.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

No named actor attribution yet. ATT&CK technique mapping in progress for this CVE.

Affected Assets

apache
tomcat
11.0.0 · 8.5.0 — 8.5.96 · 9.0.0 — 9.0.83 · 10.1.0 — 10.1.16

Mitigating Controls

No mitigating controls mapped yet. The per-CVE control annotator has not reached this CVE.

References