Cyber Resilience

CVE-2024-48063

RCE in Linuxfoundation Pytorch ≤ 2.4.1

Published
29 October 2024
Modified
16 July 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.016 74th percentile
Risk Priority 86 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2024-48063 is a critical-severity Deserialization of Untrusted Data (CWE-502) vulnerability in Linuxfoundation Pytorch. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 26% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

This vulnerability is AI-related — categorised as Deep Learning Frameworks; in the Protocol-Specific Risks risk domain.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

In PyTorch versions up to and including 2.4.1, the RemoteModule component contains a deserialization vulnerability tracked as CVE-2024-48063 and assigned CWE-502. The issue enables remote code execution through unsafe handling of serialized data and carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 9.8. Multiple parties have disputed the classification, stating that the behavior is intentional within PyTorch's distributed computing framework rather than a flaw.

An unauthenticated remote attacker can supply malicious serialized payloads to a RemoteModule instance over the network, achieving arbitrary code execution with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Exploitation requires no user interaction and targets the distributed RPC features that accept and deserialize objects from remote participants.

PyTorch's security policy on distributed features and the associated GitHub issue advise that users should restrict distributed RPC usage to trusted environments and follow documented secure deployment practices for RemoteModule and related components. No separate patch is indicated beyond these usage guidelines.

The vulnerability affects an AI/ML framework and shows an EPSS score that rose from a low baseline to a peak of 0.3003, indicating emerging exploitation interest after disclosure.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

In PyTorch <=2.4.1, the RemoteModule has Deserialization RCE. NOTE: this is disputed by multiple parties because this is intended behavior in PyTorch distributed computing.

CWE(s)

AI Security AnalysisAI

AI Category
Deep Learning Frameworks
Risk Domain
Protocol-Specific Risks
OWASP Top 10 for LLMs 2025
None mapped
Classification Reason
PyTorch is a core deep learning framework, and the vulnerability affects its distributed RPC framework used for distributed machine learning tasks across nodes.

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-32434Same product: Linuxfoundation Pytorch
CVE-2025-55554Same product: Linuxfoundation Pytorch
CVE-2026-24747Same product: Linuxfoundation Pytorch
CVE-2024-31583Same product: Linuxfoundation Pytorch
CVE-2025-55552Same product: Linuxfoundation Pytorch
CVE-2024-31580Same product: Linuxfoundation Pytorch
CVE-2025-3121Same product: Linuxfoundation Pytorch
CVE-2025-3001Same product: Linuxfoundation Pytorch
CVE-2025-2148Same product: Linuxfoundation Pytorch
CVE-2025-2998Same product: Linuxfoundation Pytorch

Affected Assets

linuxfoundation
pytorch
≤ 2.4.1

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Developer testing and evaluation can uncover deserialization flaws before deployment.

Input validation directly stops deserialization of untrusted data by ensuring inputs are valid before processing.

Engineering principles such as safe deserialization and input sanitization structurally prevent the weakness from being introduced.

Integrity verification tools can detect malformed or tampered serialized data after the fact.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-02 none match
prevents

PR.PS-02 addresses only post-deployment updates/patching and cannot prevent introduction of unsafe deserialization code, yet it can remediate some instances when the flaw exists in outdated libraries or components.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing includes validation of deserialization routines and the use of untrusted data, reducing the likelihood that unsafe object reconstruction will be deployed.

prevents

Requiring vetted libraries, regular updates and SAST before release reduces the likelihood that deserialization logic will accept and act on attacker-controlled serialized objects.

finds

Regular scanning of third-party libraries and timely patching reduce the likelihood that unsafe deserialization vulnerabilities remain active.

none

Mandatory malware scanning of data received over networks or storage media intercepts malicious serialized payloads before they are deserialized by the target application.

References