Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-0111

Path Traversal in Paloaltonetworks Pan-Os 10.1.0 – 10.1.14

CISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD ExploitedPath Traversal
Published
12 February 2025
Modified
04 November 2025
KEV Added
20 February 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v4 7.1
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:N/R:U/V:C/RE:M/U:Red
EPSS Score 0.019 78th percentile
Risk Priority 75 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-0111 is a high-severity External Control of File Name or Path (CWE-73) vulnerability in Paloaltonetworks Pan-Os. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Data from Local System (T1005); ranked in the top 22% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-3 (Access Enforcement) and AC-4 (Information Flow Enforcement) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-0111 is an authenticated file read vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS software that allows an attacker with network access to the management web interface to read files on the PAN-OS filesystem readable by the “nobody” user. The issue affects PAN-OS but does not impact Cloud NGFW or Prisma Access. It carries a CVSS 4.0 score of 7.1 with high confidentiality impact and is associated with CWE-73 and CWE-610.

An authenticated attacker who already possesses valid credentials and can reach the management interface can exploit the flaw to retrieve arbitrary readable files from the underlying filesystem. No additional user interaction or special preconditions beyond network reachability and authentication are required.

Palo Alto Networks recommends restricting management web interface access to trusted internal IP addresses following published best-practice deployment guidelines as the primary mitigation. The vulnerability is tracked in CISA’s known exploited vulnerabilities catalog.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

An authenticated file read vulnerability in the Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS software enables an authenticated attacker with network access to the management web interface to read files on the PAN-OS filesystem that are readable by the “nobody” user. You can…

more

greatly reduce the risk of this issue by restricting access to the management web interface to only trusted internal IP addresses according to our recommended best practices deployment guidelines https://live.paloaltonetworks.com/t5/community-blogs/tips-amp-tricks-how-to-secure-the-management-access-of-your-palo/ba-p/464431 . This issue does not affect Cloud NGFW or Prisma Access software.

CWE(s)
KEV Date Added
20 February 2025

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1005 Data from Local System Collection
Adversaries may search local system sources, such as file systems, configuration files, local databases, virtual machine files, or process memory, to find files of interest and sensitive data prior to Exfiltration.
T1083 File and Directory Discovery Discovery
Adversaries may enumerate files and directories or may search in specific locations of a host or network share for certain information within a file system.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1552 Unsecured Credentials Credential Access
Adversaries may search compromised systems to find and obtain insecurely stored credentials.
T1574.007 Path Interception by PATH Environment Variable Stealth
Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking environment variables used to load libraries.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-0008Same product: Paloaltonetworks Pan-Os
CVE-2023-38046Same product: Paloaltonetworks Pan-Os
CVE-2025-0124Same product: Paloaltonetworks Pan-Os
CVE-2024-0012Same product: Paloaltonetworks Pan-Osboth on KEV
CVE-2025-0108Same product: Paloaltonetworks Pan-Osboth on KEV
CVE-2019-1579Same product: Paloaltonetworks Pan-Osboth on KEV
CVE-2024-9474Same product: Paloaltonetworks Pan-Osboth on KEV
CVE-2017-15944Same product: Paloaltonetworks Pan-Osboth on KEV
CVE-2024-3400Same product: Paloaltonetworks Pan-Osboth on KEV
CVE-2020-2021Same product: Paloaltonetworks Pan-Osboth on KEV

Affected Assets

paloaltonetworks
pan-os
10.1.14, 10.2.12, 10.2.13, 10.2.7, 10.2.8 · 10.1.0 — 10.1.14 · 10.2.0 — 10.2.7 · 10.2.10 — 10.2.12

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 3 hardening rules · 2 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V5.3.2

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Enforces access authorizations so externally supplied references cannot reach resources outside the intended sphere.

Controls information flow between security domains, blocking resolution of external references to unintended spheres.

Input validation directly rejects or sanitizes untrusted path strings before they reach filesystem operations.

Least-privilege limits the set of files or directories any subject can affect, shrinking the blast radius of a path-control flaw.

Monitors and controls boundary communications, limiting the ability of external references to reach protected resources.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 full match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices include input validation and path sanitization that eliminate this weakness.

PR.AA-05 mostly match
prevents

Least-privilege file authorization directly limits damage from externally controlled paths.

DE.CM-09 partial match
prevents

Runtime monitoring of software and data flows can detect anomalous external resource accesses that result from this weakness.

PR.IR-01 partial match
prevents

Network segmentation and access controls limit the blast radius when an external reference escapes its intended sphere.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing can detect path-traversal issues but does not itself implement preventive controls.

prevents

Secure development lifecycle mandates input validation and path-handling controls that directly prevent external file/path manipulation.

prevents

Application security requirements explicitly call for controls against untrusted input influencing file operations.

prevents

Secure architecture principles discourage unsafe path construction but do not prescribe concrete file-name controls.

prevents

Secure coding standards require canonicalization, allow-listing, and bounds checks on file paths, directly eliminating CWE-73.

mitigates

Information access restriction limits which files can be reached, indirectly reducing impact of path manipulation.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Oracle Linux 8 (1 rule)
  • V-248577 OL 8 must enable kernel parameters to enforce Discretionary Access Control (DAC) on symlinks. prevents CWE-610

References