Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-1148

Gnu Binutils 2.43

Public PoC
Published
10 February 2025
Modified
04 April 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v4 2.3
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0063 47th percentile
Risk Priority 15 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-1148 is a low-severity Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime (CWE-401) vulnerability in Gnu Binutils. Its CVSS base score is 2.3 (Low).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Endpoint Denial of Service (T1499); ranked at the 47th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-2 (Flaw Remediation) and SC-6 (Resource Availability) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A vulnerability was found in GNU Binutils 2.43 and classified as problematic. Affected by this issue is the function link_order_scan of the file ld/ldelfgen.c of the component ld. The manipulation leads to memory leak. The attack may be launched remotely.…

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The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The code maintainer explains: "I'm not going to commit some of the leak fixes I've been working on to the 2.44 branch due to concern that would destabilise ld. All of the reported leaks in this bugzilla have been fixed on binutils master."

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1499 Endpoint Denial of Service Impact
Adversaries may perform Endpoint Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to degrade or block the availability of services to users.
Why these techniques?

The memory leak in GNU Binutils ld (CVE-2025-1148) enables endpoint denial of service by exhausting system memory, as explicitly mapped by VulDB to T1499.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-8225Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-1152Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-1149Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-1150Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-1151Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-3198Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-8224Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-69647Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-11839Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-66865Same product: Gnu Binutils

Affected Assets

gnu
binutils
2.43

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
  • SI-2 Flaw Remediation
  • SC-6 Resource Availability
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)
  • SI-4 System Monitoring
Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly requires timely application of patches or updates to remediate the memory-leak flaw in ldelfgen.c before the vulnerable Binutils binary is used.

detect

Enables continuous monitoring of process resource consumption to identify anomalous memory growth caused by the link_order_scan leak during remote or local invocations.

prevent

Limits the impact of resource exhaustion by enforcing availability protections that constrain the effects of an unpatched memory leak in the ld component.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly enforce proper memory allocation/deallocation via coding standards, reviews, and tooling.

DE.CM-09 partial match
prevents

Runtime monitoring can detect resource exhaustion caused by improper shutdown or release.

ID.AM-08 partial match
prevents

Lifecycle management of assets can encompass proper resource release at end-of-life or shutdown.

PR.IR-04 partial match
prevents

Capacity management helps surface leaks from unreleased resources but does not prevent the coding flaw.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

detects

Security testing in development can detect unreleased memory, providing partial coverage of the weakness.

prevents

Including restart, recovery and media-handling instructions reduces the likelihood that resources or sensitive data will be left in an exposed or improperly released state after a failure.

prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates memory-management practices that reduce missing-release defects.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify explicit memory-release rules, partially mitigating the weakness.

prevents

Secure system architecture and engineering principles include resource-management guidelines that address memory leaks.

prevents

Secure coding standards directly require proper allocation/deallocation, covering most of this weakness.

References