Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-11955

Published
27 October 2025
Modified
15 April 2026
CVSS Score v4 8.2
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0026 17th percentile
Risk Priority 34 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-11955 is a high-severity Improper Check for Certificate Revocation (CWE-299) vulnerability in Incibe (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 8.2 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Subvert Trust Controls (T1553); ranked at the 17th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to IA-5 (Authenticator Management) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A07:2025 Authentication Failures

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Incorrect validation of OCSP certificates vulnerability in TheGreenBow VPN, versions 7.5 and 7.6. During the IKEv2 authentication step, the OCSP-enabled VPN client establishes the tunnel even if it does not receive an OCSP response or if the OCSP response signature…

more

is invalid.

CWE(s)
CWE-299

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1553 Subvert Trust Controls Defense Impairment
Adversaries may undermine security controls that will either warn users of untrusted activity or prevent execution of untrusted programs.
attack.mitre.org →
T1553.002 Code Signing Defense Impairment
Adversaries may create, acquire, or steal code signing materials to sign their malware or tools.
attack.mitre.org →
T1557 Adversary-in-the-Middle Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to position themselves between two or more networked devices using an adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) technique to support follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.
attack.mitre.org →
T1649 Steal or Forge Authentication Certificates Credential Access
Adversaries may steal or forge certificates used for authentication to access remote systems or resources.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-56821Shared CWE-299
CVE-2026-6899Shared CWE-299
CVE-2026-4428Shared CWE-299
CVE-2026-9636Shared CWE-299
CVE-2025-3085Shared CWE-299
CVE-2025-36057Shared CWE-299
CVE-2024-56138Shared CWE-299
CVE-2023-23690Shared CWE-299

Affected Assets

Incibe
—
inferred from references and description; NVD did not file a CPE for this CVE

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V12.1.4

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

IA-5 Authenticator Management partial match

Authenticator management requires verification and lifecycle handling of certificates, which structurally prevents use of revoked ones when revocation status is part of the process.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.AA-03 mostly match
prevents

Certificate-based authentication requires valid, non-revoked certificates; proper revocation checking is a core implementation detail of this control.

PR.DS-02 mostly match
prevents

Protecting data-in-transit commonly relies on TLS certificate validation that includes revocation status checks.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.24 Use of cryptography mostly match
prevents

Mandates use of cryptography including certificate validation and revocation checking.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing can detect missing or incorrect certificate revocation checks.

A.8.28 Secure coding partial match
prevents

Secure coding practices should include proper certificate revocation verification.

A.8.5 Secure authentication partial match
prevents

Requires secure authentication mechanisms that rely on valid certificates.

A.8.20 Networks security none match
none

Network security controls can enforce certificate validation at network boundaries.

A.8.21 Security of network services none match
none

Security of network services includes certificate-based authentication and revocation checks.

References