CVE-2025-12868
Raw vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:XSummary
CVE-2025-12868 is a critical-severity Use of Client-Side Authentication (CWE-603) vulnerability in Org (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 9.3 (Critical).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 41th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-3 (Access Enforcement) and IA-2 (Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users)) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
CVE-2025-12868, published on 2025-11-10, is a Use of Client-Side Authentication vulnerability (CWE-603) affecting New Site Server, a product developed by CyberTutor. The flaw enables unauthenticated remote attackers to modify frontend code, allowing them to gain administrator privileges on the website. It carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), reflecting critical severity due to its network-based exploitability with low complexity and high impacts across confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Unauthenticated remote attackers with network access to a vulnerable New Site Server instance can exploit this issue without requiring privileges or user interaction. By altering the client-side authentication logic in the frontend code, they achieve administrator-level access, enabling full control over the website, such as data manipulation, unauthorized access to sensitive information, or further persistence.
Advisories from TWCERT/CC provide details on this vulnerability, accessible at https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-10492-84a10-2.html and https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-10493-bf807-1.html. Security practitioners should review these references for recommended mitigations, including any available patches or configuration changes.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-41750
Vulnerability Data
New Site Server developed by CyberTutor has a Use of Client-Side Authentication vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to modify the frontend code to gain administrator privileges on the website.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
—
—
—
V10.4.10V10.4.15V10.4.16V10.7.1
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Enforces access authorizations on the server, making client-side bypass ineffective.
Requires server-side identification and authentication of users before granting access.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Server-enforced authentication directly prevents client-only checks from being bypassed.
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Requires server-side authentication mechanisms that directly prevent client-only checks.
Promotes secure architecture principles that reject client-only authentication designs.
Security testing can detect missing server-side authentication checks.
Defines application security requirements that include server-side authentication enforcement.
Secure coding standards discourage reliance on client-side authentication logic.
Enforces access restrictions that must be validated on the server, mitigating client-side bypass.