Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-12916

Command Injection in Sangfor Operation And Maintenance Security Management System 3.0 – 3.0.11

Public PoCCommand Injection
Published
09 November 2025
Modified
29 April 2026
CVSS Score v4 2.1
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.051 92th percentile
Risk Priority 34 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-12916 is a low-severity Injection (CWE-74) vulnerability in Sangfor Operation And Maintenance Security Management System. Its CVSS base score is 2.1 (Low).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 8% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-12916 is a command injection vulnerability in Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Security Management System version 3.0. The issue affects an unknown function within the /fort/portal_login file of the Frontend component, where manipulation of the loginUrl argument enables arbitrary command execution. Recent analysis confirms recent publication on 2025-11-09, with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.3 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L), linked to CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements) and CWE-77 (Command Injection).

Remote attackers with low privileges, such as authenticated users, can exploit this vulnerability over the network with low complexity and no user interaction required. Successful exploitation allows limited impacts, including partial disclosure of sensitive information, minor modification of data or system configuration, and temporary denial of service through command execution.

Advisories recommend upgrading to Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Security Management System versions 3.0.11 or 3.0.12 to remediate the issue. Detailed reports are available from VulDB (ctiid.331634, id.331634, submit.678377) and h4cker.zip, which note the exploit's public disclosure and potential for utilization by threat actors.

The vulnerability's public exploit availability increases the risk of targeted attacks against exposed instances, though no widespread real-world exploitation has been reported in available sources.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A vulnerability was determined in Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Security Management System 3.0. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /fort/portal_login of the component Frontend. This manipulation of the argument loginUrl causes command injection. The attack may be initiated…

more

remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. Upgrading to version 3.0.11 and 3.0.12 is recommended to address this issue. It is advisable to upgrade the affected component.

CWE(s)
CWE-74CWE-77

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1221 Template Injection Stealth
Adversaries may create or modify references in user document templates to conceal malicious code or force authentication attempts.
attack.mitre.org →
T1659 Content Injection Initial Access
Adversaries may gain access and continuously communicate with victims by injecting malicious content into systems through online network traffic.
attack.mitre.org →
T1674 Input Injection Execution
Adversaries may simulate keystrokes on a victim’s computer by various means to perform any type of action on behalf of the user, such as launching the command interpreter using keyboard shortcuts, typing an inline script to be executed,…
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-1412Same product: Sangfor Operation And Maintenance Security Management System
CVE-2026-1413Same product: Sangfor Operation And Maintenance Security Management System
CVE-2026-1414Same product: Sangfor Operation And Maintenance Security Management System
CVE-2026-1324Same product: Sangfor Operation And Maintenance Security Management System
CVE-2025-15502Same product: Sangfor Operation And Maintenance Security Management System
CVE-2025-15501Same product: Sangfor Operation And Maintenance Security Management System
CVE-2025-15500Same vendor: Sangfor
CVE-2025-15499Same vendor: Sangfor
CVE-2026-1548Shared CWE-74, CWE-77
CVE-2026-8753Shared CWE-74, CWE-77

Affected Assets

sangfor
operation and maintenance security management system
3.0 — 3.0.11

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.1
  • V1.2.3
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation good match

Developer testing and evaluation can discover command-construction flaws before deployment.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

SI-10 directly requires validation of information inputs to reject malformed or special-element content before it reaches downstream parsers.

SA-8 Security and Privacy Engineering Principles partial match

Secure engineering principles include proper neutralization and safe command construction practices.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly require input validation and output encoding that prevent injection flaws.

DE.CM-09 partial match
prevents

Runtime monitoring of software and data can detect anomalous command execution resulting from injection.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Identifying recorded vulnerabilities enables remediation of command-injection flaws before exploitation.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.28 Secure coding mostly match
prevents

Secure coding standards require proper escaping and parameterization of commands, directly eliminating CWE-77.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing in development catches injection vulnerabilities before release.

A.8.15 Logging partial match
finds

Logging supports detection of injection attempts but does not prevent the weakness.

A.8.16 Monitoring activities partial match
finds

Monitoring activities can identify active injection attacks after they occur.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates input validation and output encoding that directly prevent injection flaws.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements explicitly call for controls against injection attacks in software design.

References