Cyber Resilience

CWE · MITRE source

CWE-77Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')

Abstraction: Class · CVEs in our corpus: 3,578

The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.

Many protocols and products have their own custom command language. While OS or shell command strings are frequently discovered and targeted, developers may not realize that these other command languages might also be vulnerable to attacks.

Last updated: 04 July 2026 00:28 UTC

Cumulative inbound coverage

How completely the frameworks we cross-walk collectively cover this — the verdict is the strongest single mapping (overlapping partials are not summed); breadth shows the corroboration behind it.

Collective: full · 19 mapping(s) from 4 framework(s): ATT&CK 8 (mostly) · CAPEC 6 (mostly) · ASVS 5.0 4 (full) · OWASP-Web 1 (full)

See the full cumulative-coverage rollup →

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

This weakness contributes to A05:2025 Injection.

NIST 800-53 r5 controls that address this weakness (0)AI

Control Title Family Why it addresses this CWE
No NIST controls proposed yet.

MITRE ATT&CK techniques this weakness enables

Our own two-way CWE↔ATT&CK cross-walk — a direct mapping with no public source (the CWE→CAPEC→ATT&CK chain leaves most top weaknesses, incl. XSS and SQLi, mapped to nothing). Drafted by Grok and spot-checked by Claude Opus 4.8.

Direction: ← other covers this; → this covers other (F/M/P = full / mostly / partial).

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter←M →FT1059.001 PowerShell←P →MT1059.003 Windows Command Shell←M →MT1059.004 Unix Shell←M →MT1059.008 Network Device CLI→MT1059.012 Hypervisor CLI→MT1059.013 Container CLI/API←P →MT1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation←P →PT1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application←M →FT1210 Exploitation of Remote Services←P →P

Top CVEs of this weakness type, ranked by Risk Priority

CVE Risk CVSS EPSS Published
CVE-2005-2773 KEV10.09.80.74092005-09-02
CVE-2007-3010 KEV10.09.80.97412007-09-18
CVE-2010-4345 KEV10.07.80.17792010-12-14
CVE-2012-1823 KEV10.09.81.00002012-05-11
CVE-2015-2051 KEV10.08.80.97102015-02-23
CVE-2016-6367 KEV10.07.80.22582016-08-18
CVE-2016-1555 KEV10.09.80.98322017-04-21
CVE-2017-6327 KEV10.08.80.35342017-08-11
CVE-2019-0541 KEV10.08.80.53202019-01-08
CVE-2010-5330 KEV10.09.80.34402019-06-11
CVE-2020-25079 KEV10.08.80.52722020-09-02
CVE-2018-19949 KEV10.09.80.24452020-10-28
CVE-2020-2509 KEV10.09.80.34172021-04-17
CVE-2021-1498 KEV10.09.81.00002021-05-06
CVE-2021-22899 KEV10.08.80.22342021-05-27
CVE-2016-20017 KEV10.09.80.60432022-10-19
CVE-2022-40765 KEV10.06.80.10482022-11-22
CVE-2023-1389 KEV10.08.81.00002023-03-15
CVE-2023-1671 KEV10.09.81.00002023-04-04
CVE-2023-20118 KEV10.06.50.53832023-04-13
CVE-2023-2868 KEV10.09.40.86962023-05-24
CVE-2023-33538 KEV10.08.80.41872023-06-07
CVE-2023-20887 KEV10.09.80.98242023-06-07
CVE-2024-21887 KEV UPD10.09.11.00002024-01-12
CVE-2024-3273 KEV UPD10.07.31.00002024-04-04