Cyber Resilience

CWE · MITRE source

CWE-77Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')

Abstraction: Class · CVEs in our corpus: 3,741

The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.

Many protocols and products have their own custom command language. While OS or shell command strings are frequently discovered and targeted, developers may not realize that these other command languages might also be vulnerable to attacks.

Last updated: 22 August 2026 13:14 UTC

Cumulative inbound coverage

How completely the frameworks we cross-walk collectively cover this — the verdict is the strongest single mapping (overlapping partials are not summed); breadth shows the corroboration behind it.

Collective: mostly · 5 mapping(s) from 1 framework(s): CAPEC 5 (mostly)

See the full cumulative-coverage rollup →

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

This weakness contributes to A05:2025 Injection.

Control responseHuman-reviewed

Answering this weakness across the control lifecycle, from our framework cross-walks.

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53 / CSF Protect)
  • PR.PS-06
  • SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation
  • ID.RA-01
  • SI-10 Information Input Validation
Detect
Catch it (CSF Detect / Respond)
  • DE.CM-09
Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.3
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8
  • V1.2.9

NIST 800-53 r5 controls that address this weakness (0)AI-assisted

Control Title Family Why it addresses this CWE
No NIST controls proposed yet.

Top CVEs of this weakness type, ranked by Risk Priority

CVE Risk CVSS EPSS Published
CVE-2024-3400 KEV 10.010.01.00002024-04-12
CVE-2024-29895 10.010.00.94292024-05-14
CVE-2025-10035 KEV 10.010.00.99582025-09-18
CVE-2005-2773 KEV 9.99.80.74092005-09-02
CVE-2007-3010 KEV 9.99.80.97412007-09-18
CVE-2012-1823 KEV 9.99.81.00002012-05-11
CVE-2016-10045 9.99.80.97582016-12-30
CVE-2016-10108 9.99.80.96542017-01-03
CVE-2016-1555 KEV 9.99.80.98322017-04-21
CVE-2015-2857 9.99.80.84182017-08-22
CVE-2019-5420 9.99.80.92142019-03-27
CVE-2010-5330 KEV 9.99.80.34642019-06-11
CVE-2018-19949 KEV 9.99.80.24452020-10-28
CVE-2020-2509 KEV 9.99.80.33382021-04-17
CVE-2021-1498 KEV 9.99.81.00002021-05-06
CVE-2021-45456 9.99.80.88892022-01-06
CVE-2022-36553 9.99.80.90902022-08-29
CVE-2016-20017 KEV 9.99.80.65232022-10-19
CVE-2022-43781 9.99.80.98082022-11-17
CVE-2023-23333 9.99.80.99292023-02-06
CVE-2022-40022 9.99.80.92472023-02-13
CVE-2023-1671 KEV 9.99.81.00002023-04-04
CVE-2023-20887 KEV 9.99.80.98282023-06-07
CVE-2023-30258 9.99.80.94252023-06-23
CVE-2023-34960 9.99.80.99192023-08-01