Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-12967

Published
10 November 2025
Modified
15 April 2026
CVSS Score v4 8.6
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0045 37th percentile
Risk Priority 55 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-12967 is a high-severity Unsafe Reflection (CWE-470) vulnerability in Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 8.6 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Reflective Code Loading (T1620); ranked at the 37th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and AC-3 (Access Enforcement) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

An issue in AWS Wrappers for Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL may allow for privilege escalation to rds_superuser role. A low privilege authenticated user can create a crafted function that could be executed with permissions of other Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS)…

more

users. We recommend customers upgrade to the following versions: AWS JDBC Wrapper to v2.6.5, AWS Go Wrapper to 2025-10-17, AWS NodeJS Wrapper to v2.0.1, AWS Python Wrapper to v1.4.0 and AWS PGSQL ODBC driver to v1.0.1

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1620 Reflective Code Loading Stealth
Adversaries may reflectively load code into a process in order to conceal the execution of malicious payloads.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-25498Shared CWE-470
CVE-2026-8178Shared CWE-470
CVE-2026-41175Shared CWE-470
CVE-2026-23923Shared CWE-470
CVE-2025-61925Shared CWE-470
CVE-2026-8400Shared CWE-470
CVE-2026-13181Shared CWE-470
CVE-2024-4990Shared CWE-470
CVE-2025-31119Shared CWE-470
CVE-2023-35680Shared CWE-470

Affected Assets

Amazon
Aurora PostgreSQL
inferred from references and description; NVD did not file a CPE for this CVE

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Input validation directly stops externally supplied class or method names from selecting improper code via reflection.

Enforces authorization checks on the code or classes ultimately invoked, blocking unauthorized selections even if reflection is used.

Limits privileges of any code reached through unsafe reflection, reducing blast radius without stopping the selection itself.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly avoid introducing externally controlled class selection via reflection.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability identification processes can discover unsafe reflection during code review or scanning.

PR.PS-05 partial match
prevents

Preventing execution of unauthorized code can block exploitation of unsafe reflection at runtime.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

prevents

Secure coding standards directly forbid unsafe reflection and require whitelisting or static alternatives.

finds

Security testing can detect and block unsafe reflection patterns before release.

prevents

Secure development lifecycle mandates input validation and design reviews that reduce unsafe reflection risks.

prevents

Application security requirements can explicitly prohibit or constrain reflection based on untrusted input.

prevents

Secure architecture principles discourage dynamic class loading from external data sources.

none

Access restrictions limit who can supply the malicious input but do not address the reflection flaw itself.

References