Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-21138

High

Published: 14 January 2025

Published
14 January 2025
Modified
21 January 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 7.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0014 34.1th percentile
Risk Priority 16 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-21138 is a high-severity Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787) vulnerability in Adobe Substance 3D Designer. Its CVSS base score is 7.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Malicious File (T1204.002); ranked at the 34.1th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 RA-5 (Vulnerability Monitoring and Scanning) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Malicious File (T1204.002). What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Directly remediates the out-of-bounds write vulnerability in Substance3D Designer by requiring timely application of vendor patches from Adobe's APSB25-06 bulletin.

prevent

Implements memory protections such as ASLR and DEP to mitigate exploitation of the out-of-bounds write leading to arbitrary code execution.

detect

Enables identification of systems running vulnerable versions of Substance3D Designer through vulnerability scanning tailored to CVE-2025-21138.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1204.002 Malicious File Execution
An adversary may rely upon a user opening a malicious file in order to gain execution.
Why these techniques?

Out-of-bounds write enables arbitrary code execution triggered by opening a malicious file, directly mapping to user execution via malicious file.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

Substance3D - Designer versions 14.0 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must…

more

open a malicious file.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-21138 is an out-of-bounds write vulnerability (CWE-787) affecting Adobe Substance3D Designer versions 14.0 and earlier. Published on 2025-01-14, the flaw could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user.

Exploitation requires user interaction, as a victim must open a malicious file. An attacker needs only local access with no privileges (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R), and successful exploitation grants high impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CVSS:3.1 score of 7.8; S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Adobe's security bulletin APSB25-06 provides details on mitigation: https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/substance3d_designer/apsb25-06.html.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

adobe
substance 3d designer
≤ 14.1

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-21161Same product: Adobe Substance 3D Designer
CVE-2025-21136Same product: Adobe Substance 3D Designer
CVE-2026-21307Same product: Adobe Substance 3D Designer
CVE-2026-21334Same product: Adobe Substance 3D Designer
CVE-2025-27172Same product: Adobe Substance 3D Designer
CVE-2026-21335Same product: Adobe Substance 3D Designer
CVE-2025-21139Same product: Adobe Substance 3D Designer
CVE-2025-21137Same product: Adobe Substance 3D Designer
CVE-2025-21169Same product: Adobe Substance 3D Designer
CVE-2025-24441Same vendor: Adobe

References