Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-21359

HighLPE

Published: 11 February 2025

Published
11 February 2025
Modified
28 February 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 7.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0012 31.1th percentile
Risk Priority 16 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-21359 is a high-severity Improper Access Control (CWE-284) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows Server 2008. Its CVSS base score is 7.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked at the 31.1th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 AC-25 (Reference Monitor) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068). What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Directly mitigates the Windows Kernel security feature bypass by requiring identification, reporting, and timely remediation of system flaws through vendor patches.

prevent

Implements a reference monitor in the kernel to mediate all access attempts and enforce security policies, directly countering bypass vulnerabilities like this one.

prevent

Enforces least privilege for low-privilege local users, limiting the attack surface and potential impact of kernel security feature bypasses.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
Why these techniques?

This Windows Kernel security feature bypass vulnerability allows a local low-privileged attacker to bypass kernel protections and achieve high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, directly enabling exploitation for privilege escalation.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

Windows Kernel Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-21359 is a Windows Kernel Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability, published on 2025-02-11T18:15:34.743. It affects the Windows Kernel component and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.8 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). The vulnerability is associated with CWE-284 and NVD-CWE-noinfo.

A local attacker with low privileges (PR:L) can exploit this vulnerability through a low-complexity attack (AC:L) that requires no user interaction (UI:N). Successful exploitation enables the attacker to bypass kernel security features, achieving high impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H) within the unchanged scope (S:U).

The Microsoft Security Response Center advisory provides details on mitigation and patches at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21359.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

microsoft
windows 10 1507
≤ 10.0.10240.20915 · ≤ 10.0.10240.20915
microsoft
windows 10 1607
≤ 10.0.14393.7785 · ≤ 10.0.14393.7785
microsoft
windows 10 1809
≤ 10.0.17763.6893 · ≤ 10.0.17763.6893
microsoft
windows 10 21h2
≤ 10.0.19044.5487
microsoft
windows 10 22h2
≤ 10.0.19045.5487
microsoft
windows 11 22h2
≤ 10.0.22621.4890
microsoft
windows 11 23h2
≤ 10.0.22631.4890
microsoft
windows 11 24h2
≤ 10.0.26100.3194
microsoft
windows server 2008
all versions, r2
microsoft
windows server 2012
all versions, r2
+5 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

CVEs Like This One

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CVE-2026-21238Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2026-20929Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2026-27914Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2026-25176Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2026-24290Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1809
CVE-2025-24072Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21419Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507

References