Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-23478

High

Published: 03 March 2025

Published
03 March 2025
Modified
23 April 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 7.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
EPSS Score 0.0011 29.2th percentile
Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-23478 is a high-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 29.2th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-15 (Information Output Filtering).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) and 3 other techniques. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

SI-15 requires filtering of information outputs to neutralize malicious scripts before rendering, directly preventing reflected XSS exploitation in the WordPress plugin.

prevent

SI-10 enforces validation of user inputs, addressing the improper neutralization that allows crafted inputs to be reflected as executable scripts.

prevent

SI-2 mandates timely flaw remediation, including patching the specific vulnerability in Photo Video Store versions through 21.07.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1056.001 Keylogging Collection
Adversaries may log user keystrokes to intercept credentials as the user types them.
T1539 Steal Web Session Cookie Credential Access
An adversary may steal web application or service session cookies and use them to gain access to web applications or Internet services as an authenticated user without needing credentials.
Why these techniques?

Reflected XSS in public-facing WordPress plugin directly enables web app exploitation (T1190) for client-side script execution (T1203), facilitating keylogging (T1056.001) and web session cookie theft (T1539) as described.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in cmsaccount Photo Video Store photo-video-store allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Photo Video Store: from n/a through <= 21.07.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-23478 is an Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability, classified as Reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) under CWE-79, affecting the cmsaccount Photo Video Store WordPress plugin (photo-video-store). The issue impacts all versions from n/a through 21.07 and was published on 2025-03-03. It carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1, reflecting network accessibility, low attack complexity, no required privileges, user interaction, changed scope, and low impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Remote attackers require no authentication (PR:N) and can exploit the vulnerability by crafting malicious inputs that are reflected back in web page generation, tricking users into clicking links or visiting pages (UI:R). Exploitation executes arbitrary scripts in the victim's browser context (S:C), enabling theft of session cookies, keystroke logging, or minor defacement, with limited overall impact due to the low confidentiality, integrity, and availability ratings.

Mitigation details are available in advisories such as the Patchstack database entry at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/photo-video-store/vulnerability/wordpress-photo-video-store-plugin-21-07-reflected-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve, which documents the Reflected XSS in the WordPress Photo Video Store plugin version 21.07.

Details

CWE(s)

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References