Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-23945

High

Published: 03 March 2025

Published
03 March 2025
Modified
23 April 2026
KEV Added
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Patch
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CVSS Score v3.1 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0096 77.0th percentile
Risk Priority 16 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-23945 is a high-severity PHP Remote File Inclusion (CWE-98) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 23.0% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-23945 is an Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement vulnerability, classified as PHP Remote File Inclusion but enabling PHP Local File Inclusion, in the Popliup WordPress plugin. The issue affects Popliup versions from n/a through 1.1.1 and is associated with CWE-98. It carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Low-privileged authenticated users can exploit this vulnerability remotely with high attack complexity and no user interaction. Successful exploitation results in high impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability, allowing attackers to include local files via improper filename controls in PHP include/require statements.

The Patchstack advisory provides further details on this vulnerability, available at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/popliup/vulnerability/wordpress-popliup-plugin-1-1-1-local-file-inclusion-vulnerability?_s_id=cve.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Webliup Popliup popliup allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Popliup: from n/a through <= 1.1.1.

CWE(s)
CWE-98

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

The vulnerability is an LFI in a public-facing WordPress plugin exploitable by low-privileged authenticated users, directly enabling exploitation of public-facing applications (T1190) and privilege escalation via high-impact code execution or file inclusion (T1068).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-1463Shared CWE-98
CVE-2026-41228Shared CWE-98
CVE-2026-22464Shared CWE-98
CVE-2026-24390Shared CWE-98
CVE-2025-27272Shared CWE-98
CVE-2026-32426Shared CWE-98
CVE-2026-28087Shared CWE-98
CVE-2025-23952Shared CWE-98
CVE-2026-32505Shared CWE-98
CVE-2025-48149Shared CWE-98

Affected Assets

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match
prevent

Directly mandates identification, reporting, and correction of specific flaws like the improper filename control in Popliup's PHP include/require statements.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match
prevent

Requires validation mechanisms at input points to block malicious filenames enabling local file inclusion in the vulnerable WordPress plugin.

RA-5 Vulnerability Monitoring and Scanning partial match
detect

Scans for vulnerabilities such as CVE-2025-23945 in installed plugins, enabling timely detection and remediation.

References