Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:NSummary
CVE-2025-24054 is a medium-severity External Control of File Name or Path (CWE-73) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows 10 21H2. Its CVSS base score is 6.5 (Medium).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Data from Local System (T1005); ranked in the top 1.0% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and AC-3 (Access Enforcement) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
CVE-2025-24054 is a vulnerability involving external control of file name or path in Windows NTLM, enabling an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network. It affects the Windows NTLM authentication component and was published on 2025-03-11. The issue carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N) and maps to CWE-73: External Control of File Name or Path.
An unauthorized attacker with network access can exploit this vulnerability by leveraging low-complexity techniques that require user interaction, such as clicking a malicious link or resource. Successful exploitation allows spoofing, resulting in high confidentiality impacts without affecting integrity or availability.
Microsoft's Security Response Center provides an update guide at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-24054, which details remediation steps including patches. Additional references include a full disclosure on SecLists (http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/28), proof-of-concept exploits on Exploit-DB (https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/52478 and https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/52480), and a detection script from Vicarius (https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-24054-spoofing-vulnerability-in-windows-ntlm-by-microsoft-detection-script).
Publicly available exploits indicate potential for real-world abuse, underscoring the need for prompt patching on affected Windows systems using NTLM.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-6336
Vulnerability Data
External control of file name or path in Windows NTLM allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.
- CWE(s)
- KEV Date Added
- 17 April 2025
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
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V5.3.2
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Input validation directly rejects or sanitizes untrusted path strings before they reach filesystem operations.
Enforces authorization checks on the actual resource accessed, blocking unauthorized files even when a malicious path is supplied.
Least-privilege limits the set of files or directories any subject can affect, shrinking the blast radius of a path-control flaw.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Security testing can detect path-traversal issues but does not itself implement preventive controls.
Secure development lifecycle mandates input validation and path-handling controls that directly prevent external file/path manipulation.
Application security requirements explicitly call for controls against untrusted input influencing file operations.
Secure architecture principles discourage unsafe path construction but do not prescribe concrete file-name controls.
Secure coding standards require canonicalization, allow-listing, and bounds checks on file paths, directly eliminating CWE-73.
Information access restriction limits which files can be reached, indirectly reducing impact of path manipulation.