Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-20931

Path Traversal in Microsoft Windows Server 2008 r2

Published
13 January 2026
Modified
30 July 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 8.0
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0079 53th percentile
Risk Priority 62 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-20931 is a high-severity External Control of File Name or Path (CWE-73) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows Server 2008. Its CVSS base score is 8.0 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Data from Local System (T1005); ranked in the top 47% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and AC-3 (Access Enforcement) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2026-20931 is an external control of file name or path vulnerability, tracked under CWE-73, that affects the Windows Telephony Service. The flaw carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 8.0 and permits an attacker to manipulate file paths or names, resulting in privilege elevation on the affected Windows component.

An authorized attacker positioned on an adjacent network can exploit the issue without user interaction. Successful exploitation grants the attacker high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability by elevating privileges on the target system.

Microsoft’s advisory at msrc.microsoft.com details the vulnerability and available updates, while Vicarius has published accompanying detection and mitigation scripts that practitioners can use to identify and remediate affected systems.

EPSS for the CVE rose from a low baseline to a peak of 0.0222 on 2026-02-14 before receding to the current value of 0.0044, indicating a temporary increase in exploitation interest after disclosure.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

External control of file name or path in Windows Telephony Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over an adjacent network.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1005 Data from Local System Collection
Adversaries may search local system sources, such as file systems, configuration files, local databases, virtual machine files, or process memory, to find files of interest and sensitive data prior to Exfiltration.
T1083 File and Directory Discovery Discovery
Adversaries may enumerate files and directories or may search in specific locations of a host or network share for certain information within a file system.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1574.007 Path Interception by PATH Environment Variable Stealth
Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking environment variables used to load libraries.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-20925Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2026-20872Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2026-21249Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2025-24996Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2025-59185Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2025-21377Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2025-33053Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2024-43451Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2025-24054Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2025-59244Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607

Affected Assets

microsoft
windows 10 1607
≤ 10.0.14393.8783 · ≤ 10.0.14393.8783
microsoft
windows 10 1809
≤ 10.0.17763.8276 · ≤ 10.0.17763.8276
microsoft
windows 10 21h2
≤ 10.0.19044.6809
microsoft
windows 10 22h2
≤ 10.0.19045.6809
microsoft
windows 11 23h2
≤ 10.0.22631.6491
microsoft
windows 11 24h2
≤ 10.0.26100.7623
microsoft
windows 11 25h2
≤ 10.0.26200.7623
microsoft
windows server 2008
all versions, r2
microsoft
windows server 2012
all versions, r2
microsoft
windows server 2016
≤ 10.0.14393.8783
+4 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V5.3.2

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Input validation directly rejects or sanitizes untrusted path strings before they reach filesystem operations.

Enforces authorization checks on the actual resource accessed, blocking unauthorized files even when a malicious path is supplied.

Least-privilege limits the set of files or directories any subject can affect, shrinking the blast radius of a path-control flaw.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 full match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices include input validation and path sanitization that eliminate this weakness.

PR.AA-05 mostly match
prevents

Least-privilege file authorization directly limits damage from externally controlled paths.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing can detect path-traversal issues but does not itself implement preventive controls.

prevents

Secure development lifecycle mandates input validation and path-handling controls that directly prevent external file/path manipulation.

prevents

Application security requirements explicitly call for controls against untrusted input influencing file operations.

prevents

Secure architecture principles discourage unsafe path construction but do not prescribe concrete file-name controls.

prevents

Secure coding standards require canonicalization, allow-listing, and bounds checks on file paths, directly eliminating CWE-73.

mitigates

Information access restriction limits which files can be reached, indirectly reducing impact of path manipulation.

References