Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-24928

Memory Safety in Xmlsoft Libxml2 ≤ 2.12.10

Memory Safety
Published
18 February 2025
Modified
03 November 2025
CVSS Score v3.1 7.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
EPSS Score 0.0038 31th percentile
Risk Priority 55 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-24928 is a high-severity Stack-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-121) vulnerability in Xmlsoft Libxml2. Its CVSS base score is 7.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked at the 31th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-24928 is a stack-based buffer overflow in the xmlSnprintfElements function within valid.c of libxml2. It affects libxml2 versions before 2.12.10 and 2.13.x before 2.13.6. Exploitation requires DTD validation to occur for an untrusted document or untrusted DTD. The vulnerability is classified as CWE-121 (stack-based buffer overflow) with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.8 (AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N). It is similar to CVE-2017-9047.

A local attacker with no privileges can exploit this vulnerability, though it requires high attack complexity and no user interaction. Successful exploitation can result in high confidentiality and integrity impacts with a changed scope, potentially enabling code execution or data tampering during XML processing that involves DTD validation.

Advisories recommend upgrading to libxml2 2.12.10 or later (for the 2.12 branch) or 2.13.6 or later (for the 2.13 branch). The libxml2 GitLab issue at https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/issues/847 tracks the fix, while OSS-Fuzz issue https://issues.oss-fuzz.com/issues/392687022 documents the discovery. Debian LTS announcement https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/02/msg00028.html provides patches for affected Debian versions, and NetApp advisory https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250321-0006/ covers mitigation in NetApp products.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

libxml2 before 2.12.10 and 2.13.x before 2.13.6 has a stack-based buffer overflow in xmlSnprintfElements in valid.c. To exploit this, DTD validation must occur for an untrusted document or untrusted DTD. NOTE: this is similar to CVE-2017-9047.

CWE(s)
CWE-121

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
attack.mitre.org →
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-56171Same product: Netapp Active Iq Unified Manager
CVE-2024-33599Same product: Netapp H300S
CVE-2024-40896Same product: Netapp H300S
CVE-2024-21053Same product: Netapp Active Iq Unified Manager
CVE-2024-21054Same product: Netapp Active Iq Unified Manager
CVE-2024-20998Same product: Netapp Active Iq Unified Manager
CVE-2023-3111Same product: Netapp H300S
CVE-2023-33250Same product: Netapp H300S
CVE-2022-0185Same product: Netapp H300S
CVE-2023-4273Same product: Netapp H300S

Affected Assets

netapp
active iq unified manager
all versions
netapp
manageability software development kit
all versions
netapp
ontap
9
netapp
solidfire \& hci management node
all versions
xmlsoft
libxml2
≤ 2.12.10 · 2.13.0 — 2.13.6
netapp
hci compute node
all versions
netapp
h410c firmware
all versions
netapp
h300s firmware
all versions
netapp
h500s firmware
all versions
netapp
h700s firmware
all versions
+1 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 2 hardening rules · 2 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

—

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation good match

Developer testing and analysis can discover stack-buffer overflows before deployment.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

Input validation directly stops untrusted data from exceeding stack buffer bounds.

SI-16 Memory Protection good match

Memory-protection mechanisms limit the ability to execute injected code after a stack overflow.

SA-8 Security and Privacy Engineering Principles partial match

Secure-engineering principles include bounds-checked coding and safe buffer handling that avoid introducing the flaw.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure-development practices directly prevent introduction of stack buffer overflows.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability scanning can discover stack buffer overflows but does not prevent their introduction.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Patching eliminates known instances of the weakness after discovery.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing (fuzzing, static analysis) detects stack overflows before release.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure SDLC mandates buffer-safety practices that directly prevent stack overflows.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements can specify buffer-size and input-validation rules.

A.8.27 Secure system architecture and engineering principles partial match
prevents

Secure architecture principles include memory-safety and least-privilege stack usage.

A.8.28 Secure coding partial match
prevents

Secure coding standards explicitly forbid unsafe buffer handling that causes CWE-121.

A.8.32 Change management none match
none

Change-management gates can enforce security reviews that catch buffer issues.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Oracle Linux 8 (1 rule)
  • V-248594 OL 8 must implement address space layout randomization (ASLR) to protect its memory from unauthorized code execution. prevents CWE-121
Oracle Linux 9 (1 rule)
  • V-271452 OL 9 must use a Linux Security Module configured to enforce limits on system services. prevents CWE-121

References