Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-28031

Exposed Creds in Totolink A810R Firmware 4.1.2cu.5182_b20201026

Public PoCExposed Creds
Published
22 April 2025
Modified
17 June 2026
CVSS Score v3.1 6.5
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
EPSS Score 0.0029 21th percentile
Risk Priority 49 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-28031 is a medium-severity Use of Hard-coded Password (CWE-259) vulnerability in Totolink A810R Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 6.5 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Valid Accounts (T1078); ranked at the 21th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to IA-5 (Authenticator Management) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A07:2025 Authentication Failures

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

TOTOLINK A810R V4.1.2cu.5182_B20201026 was discovered to contain a hardcoded password for the telnet service in product.ini.

CWE(s)
CWE-259

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1078 Valid Accounts Stealth
Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of existing accounts as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion.
attack.mitre.org →
T1078.001 Default Accounts Stealth
Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a default account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion.
attack.mitre.org →
T1552 Unsecured Credentials Credential Access
Adversaries may search compromised systems to find and obtain insecurely stored credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
T1552.001 Credentials In Files Credential Access
Adversaries may search local file systems and remote file shares for files containing insecurely stored credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
T1133 External Remote Services Persistence
Adversaries may leverage external-facing remote services to initially access and/or persist within a network.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-8580Same vendor: Totolink
CVE-2024-34211Same vendor: Totolink
CVE-2024-7159Same vendor: Totolink
CVE-2024-35395Same vendor: Totolink
CVE-2024-7216Same vendor: Totolink
CVE-2025-6139Same vendor: Totolink
CVE-2024-7155Same vendor: Totolink
CVE-2024-7332Same vendor: Totolink
CVE-2024-7170Same vendor: Totolink
CVE-2024-31810Same vendor: Totolink

Affected Assets

totolink
a810r firmware
4.1.2cu.5182_b20201026

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

IA-5 Authenticator Management partial match

Authenticator management requires secure distribution, rotation, and verification of credentials, directly stopping hard-coded passwords from being introduced or used.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly prohibit embedding credentials in source code or binaries.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.5.17 Authentication information none match
prevents

Requiring users to change temporary or default passwords at first use stops the continued existence of hard-coded or guessable passwords that are shipped with the product.

References