CVE-2025-28138
RCE in Totolink A800R Firmware 4.1.2cu.5137_b20200730
Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HSummary
CVE-2025-28138 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Totolink A800R Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 40% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
CVE-2025-28138 is a pre-authentication remote command execution vulnerability affecting the TOTOLINK A800R router running firmware version V4.1.2cu.5137_B20200730. The flaw resides in the setNoticeCfg function, where the NoticeUrl parameter is processed without adequate sanitization, enabling OS command injection as indicated by the associated CWE-78 classification. The issue carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 9.8, reflecting network-accessible exploitation with no required credentials or user interaction.
An unauthenticated remote attacker can supply a malicious NoticeUrl value to the affected endpoint and achieve arbitrary command execution on the device. Successful exploitation grants the attacker full control over the router, including the ability to read, modify, or delete data and disrupt device operation.
Public references consist of technical write-ups and proof-of-concept material hosted on GitHub and Notion; these sources do not include vendor advisories, firmware patches, or explicit mitigation guidance. The associated EPSS score rose from a low baseline to a peak of 0.0788 on 2026-02-03 before receding to its current value of 0.0379, indicating a period of increased exploitation interest following disclosure.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-8646
Vulnerability Data
The TOTOLINK A800R V4.1.2cu.5137_B20200730 were found to contain a pre-auth remote command execution vulnerability in the setNoticeCfg function through the NoticeUrl parameter.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
—
—
—
V1.2.5V1.2.8V15.2.5
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Developer testing and evaluation can discover missing or incorrect command sanitization during development.
Input validation directly neutralizes or rejects special characters that would otherwise alter OS command structure.
Least privilege reduces the permissions available to any process that could be subverted by injected commands.
Least functionality restricts available OS commands and interpreters, limiting the blast radius of injection.
Secure engineering principles require proper neutralization of untrusted input before command construction.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.
Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Security testing and code review target insecure use of operating-system command interfaces, catching command-injection flaws introduced during development.