CVE-2025-28872

Medium

Published: 11 March 2025

Published

11 March 2025

Modified

23 April 2026

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score v3.1 5.3 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

EPSS Score 0.0011 29.2th percentile

Risk Priority 11 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-28872 is a medium-severity Missing Authorization (CWE-862) vulnerability in Jwpegram Block Spam By Math Reloaded. Its CVSS base score is 5.3 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 29.2th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 AC-3 (Access Enforcement) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-28872 is a missing authorization vulnerability (CWE-862) in the Block Spam By Math Reloaded WordPress plugin by jwpegram. The flaw allows accessing functionality not properly constrained by access control lists (ACLs) and affects all versions of the plugin up to and including 2.2.4.

Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit this vulnerability over the network with low attack complexity and no user interaction. Exploitation leads to a low-impact denial of service, consistent with the CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.3 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L).

The Patchstack advisory provides details on this broken access control vulnerability in Block Spam By Math Reloaded version 2.2.4; security practitioners should consult https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/block-spam-by-math-reloaded/vulnerability/wordpress-block-spam-by-math-reloaded-plugin-2-2-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve for mitigation guidance.

EU & UK References

🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-7840

Vulnerability details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in jwpegram Block Spam By Math Reloaded block-spam-by-math-reloaded allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Block Spam By Math Reloaded: from n/a through <= 2.2.4.

CWE(s): CWE-862

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

T1499 Endpoint Denial of Service Impact

Adversaries may perform Endpoint Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to degrade or block the availability of services to users.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

Missing authorization in public-facing WordPress plugin enables unauthenticated remote exploitation (T1190) leading directly to denial of service impact (T1499).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0