Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-29969

Race Condition in Microsoft Windows 10 21H2 ≤ 10.0.19044.5854

Race Condition
Published
13 May 2025
Modified
17 June 2026
Patch / advisory
View advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 7.5
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.011 62th percentile
Risk Priority 57 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-29969 is a high-severity Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition (CWE-367) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows 10 21H2. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Path Interception (T1034); ranked in the top 38% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-25 (Reference Monitor) and AC-3 (Access Enforcement) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Windows Fundamentals allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.

CWE(s)
CWE-367

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1034 Path Interception Persistence
**This technique has been deprecated.
attack.mitre.org →
T1548 Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may circumvent mechanisms designed to control privilege elevation to gain higher-level permissions.
attack.mitre.org →
T1574 Hijack Execution Flow Stealth
Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the way operating systems run programs.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-21191Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2024-49046Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-54093Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-50158Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-48001Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-29833Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2024-38153Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-48818Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2026-20816Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2024-30084Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507

Affected Assets

microsoft
windows 10 1507
≤ 10.0.10240.21014 · ≤ 10.0.10240.21014
microsoft
windows 10 1607
≤ 10.0.14393.8066 · ≤ 10.0.14393.8066
microsoft
windows 10 1809
≤ 10.0.17763.7314 · ≤ 10.0.17763.7314
microsoft
windows 10 21h2
≤ 10.0.19044.5854 · ≤ 10.0.19044.5854 · ≤ 10.0.19044.5854
microsoft
windows 10 22h2
≤ 10.0.19045.5854 · ≤ 10.0.19045.5854 · ≤ 10.0.19045.5854
microsoft
windows 11 22h2
≤ 10.0.22621.5335 · ≤ 10.0.22621.5335
microsoft
windows 11 23h2
≤ 10.0.22631.5335 · ≤ 10.0.22631.5335
microsoft
windows 11 24h2
≤ 10.0.26100.4061 · ≤ 10.0.26100.4061
microsoft
windows server 2008
all versions, r2
microsoft
windows server 2012
all versions, r2
+5 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V15.4.2
  • V17.2.6

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

AC-25 Reference Monitor good match

A reference monitor that is always invoked and analyzable structurally eliminates the non-atomic check-then-use pattern underlying TOCTOU.

AC-3 Access Enforcement partial match

Access enforcement that performs an atomic check-and-use decision directly stops the window in which a TOCTOU race can be exploited.

SC-39 Process Isolation partial match

Process isolation limits the blast radius of a successful TOCTOU exploitation but does not remove the race itself.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly include coding standards and reviews that prevent TOCTOU race conditions.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.17 Clock synchronization none match
none

Reliable, synchronized time across systems narrows the exploitable window in which a resource state can change between a security check and its use.

References