NIST 800-53 r5 · Controls catalogue · Family SC
SC-39Process Isolation
Maintain a separate execution domain for each executing system process.
Last updated: 22 August 2026 07:11 UTC
Implementations targeting this control (0)
- No implementations targeting this control yet.
ATT&CK techniques this control mitigates (22)
- T1003 OS Credential Dumping Credential Access
- T1003.001 LSASS Memory Credential Access
- T1003.002 Security Account Manager Credential Access
- T1003.003 NTDS Credential Access
- T1003.004 LSA Secrets Credential Access
- T1003.005 Cached Domain Credentials Credential Access
- T1003.006 DCSync Credential Access
- T1003.007 Proc Filesystem Credential Access
- T1003.008 /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow Credential Access
- T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
- T1189 Drive-by Compromise Initial Access
- T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
- T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
- T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
- T1211 Exploitation for Stealth Stealth
- T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
- T1547.002 Authentication Package Persistence, Privilege Escalation
- T1547.005 Security Support Provider Persistence, Privilege Escalation
- T1547.008 LSASS Driver Persistence, Privilege Escalation
- T1556 Modify Authentication Process Defense Impairment, Persistence, Credential Access
- T1556.001 Domain Controller Authentication Defense Impairment, Persistence, Credential Access
- T1611 Escape to Host Privilege Escalation
Weaknesses this control addresses (6)AI-assisted
CWEs ranked by how often they appear in real CVEs. The rationale describes how this control reduces exploitability of each weakness class.
| CWE | Name | CVEs | Why this control addresses it |
|---|---|---|---|
CWE-284 | Improper Access Control | 6,900+ | Maintaining distinct execution domains directly implements access-control separation between processes, blocking unauthorized cross-process access. |
CWE-269 | Improper Privilege Management | 3,400+ | Separate execution domains enforce privilege boundaries so that improper privilege management within one process cannot affect others. |
CWE-732 | Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource | 1,900+ | By giving each process its own protected domain, the control reduces the impact of incorrect permission assignments on critical resources shared across processes. |
CWE-668 | Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere | 800+ | Process isolation ensures resources remain inside their intended spheres, preventing exposure of a resource to an unintended process. |
CWE-250 | Execution with Unnecessary Privileges | 300+ | Process isolation confines each process to its own execution domain, preventing one process from exercising the privileges or resources belonging to another. |
CWE-653 | Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization | 73 | The control is a direct realization of proper isolation and compartmentalization, eliminating the weakness of shared execution domains. |
Top CVEs where this control is the strongest mitigation
| CVE | Risk | CVSS | EPSS | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|
CVE-2024-27983 UPD | 8.8 | 8.2 | 0.8721 | partial |
CVE-2026-56188 UPD | 7.5 | 9.8 | 0.0092 | partial |
CVE-2024-26585 UPD | 7.4 | 9.8 | 0.0059 | partial |
CVE-2025-30444 UPD | 7.4 | 9.8 | 0.0072 | partial |
CVE-2025-43275 UPD | 7.4 | 9.8 | 0.0059 | partial |
CVE-2024-26583 UPD | 7.3 | 9.8 | 0.0055 | partial |
CVE-2023-52480 UPD | 7.3 | 9.8 | 0.0049 | partial |
CVE-2024-4778 UPD | 7.3 | 9.8 | 0.0044 | good |
CVE-2024-48069 UPD | 7.3 | 9.8 | 0.0040 | partial |
CVE-2022-49149 UPD | 7.3 | 9.8 | 0.0047 | partial |
CVE-2025-43244 UPD | 7.3 | 9.8 | 0.0056 | partial |
CVE-2025-38561 UPD | 7.3 | 9.8 | 0.0042 | partial |
CVE-2022-50373 UPD | 7.3 | 9.8 | 0.0039 | partial |
CVE-2026-23240 UPD | 7.3 | 9.8 | 0.0049 | partial |
CVE-2026-40042 | 7.3 | 9.8 | 0.0037 | partial |
CVE-2026-46135 UPD | 7.3 | 9.8 | 0.0040 | partial |
CVE-2026-46137 UPD | 7.3 | 9.8 | 0.0043 | partial |
CVE-2024-39293 UPD | 7.2 | 9.8 | 0.0031 | partial |
CVE-2025-39673 UPD | 7.2 | 9.8 | 0.0030 | partial |
CVE-2022-50350 UPD | 7.2 | 9.8 | 0.0027 | partial |
CVE-2026-43198 UPD | 7.2 | 9.8 | 0.0030 | partial |
CVE-2026-53086 UPD | 7.2 | 9.8 | 0.0030 | partial |
CVE-2026-28982 | 7.2 | 9.8 | 0.0032 | partial |
CVE-2026-43805 | 7.2 | 9.8 | 0.0027 | partial |
CVE-2026-64720 | 7.2 | 9.8 | 0.0033 | partial |