Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-31181

Memory Safety in Gnuplot ≤ 6.0.0

Published
27 March 2025
Modified
26 June 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 6.2
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0018 8th percentile
Risk Priority 35 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-31181 is a medium-severity NULL Pointer Dereference (CWE-476) vulnerability in Redhat Enterprise Linux. Its CVSS base score is 6.2 (Medium).

Operationally, ranked at the 8th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SC-24 (Fail in Known State) and SI-11 (Error Handling) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A flaw was found in gnuplot. The X11_graphics() function may lead to a segmentation fault and cause a system crash.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-31179Same product: Gnuplot Gnuplot
CVE-2025-31176Same product: Gnuplot Gnuplot
CVE-2025-31178Same product: Gnuplot Gnuplot
CVE-2025-31180Same product: Gnuplot Gnuplot
CVE-2024-8235Same product: Redhat Enterprise Linux
CVE-2026-11788Same product: Redhat Enterprise Linux
CVE-2023-28327Same product: Redhat Enterprise Linux
CVE-2025-4478Same product: Redhat Enterprise Linux
CVE-2025-46400Same product: Redhat Enterprise Linux
CVE-2024-0841Same product: Redhat Enterprise Linux

Affected Assets

gnuplot
gnuplot
≤ 6.0.0

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Requires the system to handle invalid or unexpected conditions gracefully, directly preventing a NULL dereference in X11_graphics() from causing an unhandled segmentation fault and crash.

prevent

Ensures the system fails in a known safe state rather than allowing a memory fault in gnuplot to propagate into an uncontrolled process or system crash.

prevent

Implements memory-access protections that can block or contain invalid pointer dereferences before they produce a fatal segmentation fault.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices (static analysis, code review, safe coding standards) directly prevent NULL dereference bugs during development.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

detects

Security testing can detect NULL dereference defects before release.

prevents

Secure SDLC mandates defensive coding practices that can prevent NULL dereferences.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify input validation and pointer-safety rules.

prevents

Secure architecture principles encourage defensive design that avoids unsafe pointer use.

prevents

Secure coding standards directly require NULL-pointer checks and safe dereference patterns.

References