CVE-2025-31184
Apple Visionos ≤ 2.4
Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HSummary
CVE-2025-31184 is a high-severity Improper Preservation of Permissions (CWE-281) vulnerability in Apple Visionos. Its CVSS base score is 7.8 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Data from Local System (T1005); ranked at the 16th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-16 (Security and Privacy Attributes) and AC-3 (Access Enforcement) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
CVE-2025-31184 is a permissions checking vulnerability (CWE-281) that allows an app to gain unauthorized access to the Local Network. It affects Safari prior to version 18.4, iOS prior to 18.4, iPadOS prior to 18.4, macOS Sequoia prior to 15.4, and visionOS prior to 2.4. The issue was published on 2025-03-31 and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.8 (High), reflecting local attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, required user interaction, unchanged scope, and high impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
A local attacker can exploit this vulnerability by tricking a user into interacting with a malicious app or content, such as through social engineering. No special privileges are needed, enabling the app to bypass intended restrictions and access Local Network resources without authorization. Successful exploitation could allow the attacker to read sensitive network data, modify network communications, or disrupt local services.
Apple security advisories detail the fix as improved permissions checking in the listed versions. Relevant updates are documented in support articles at https://support.apple.com/en-us/122371, https://support.apple.com/en-us/122373, https://support.apple.com/en-us/122378, and https://support.apple.com/en-us/122379, with additional disclosure at http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/12. Practitioners should ensure systems are updated to mitigate this issue.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-8887
Vulnerability Data
This issue was addressed with improved permissions checking. This issue is fixed in Safari 18.4, iOS 18.4 and iPadOS 18.4, macOS Sequoia 15.4, visionOS 2.4. An app may gain unauthorized access to Local Network.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
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- 8 hardening rules · 3 OS baselines
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Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Associating and preserving security attributes (including permissions) with objects reduces the chance they are lost or weakened on copy/restore/share.
Enforcing approved authorizations for access directly stops objects from receiving or retaining less-restrictive permissions than intended.
Least-privilege assignments limit the blast radius when permissions are incorrectly relaxed during copy/restore/share operations.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Enforcing least-privilege permission policies and reviews directly prevents incorrect permission propagation on copy/restore/share operations.
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Access-control policy defines how permissions must be preserved when objects are copied or shared.
Access-rights provisioning and review processes directly address the risk of overly permissive copied objects.
Privileged-access management includes rules for maintaining correct permissions on copied or restored data.
Information-access-restriction controls enforce least-privilege permissions that must be preserved during copy/restore operations.
Change-management procedures can require verification that permissions remain intact after modifications or restores.
Configuration baselines can embed permission settings, indirectly reducing the chance of incorrect preservation.
Hardening callouts derived
Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).
Windows Server 2019 (1 rule)
- V-205743 Windows Server 2019 organization created Active Directory Organizational Unit (OU) objects must have proper access control permissions. prevents CWE-281
Windows Server 2022 (2 rules)
- V-254393 Windows Server 2022 Active Directory Group Policy objects must have proper access control permissions. prevents CWE-281
- V-254395 Windows Server 2022 organization created Active Directory Organizational Unit (OU) objects must have proper access control permissions. prevents CWE-281