Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-41277

CriticalRCEUpdated

Published: 29 May 2026

Published
29 May 2026
Modified
17 June 2026
KEV Added
—
Patch
—
CVSS Score v4 9.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0138 68.8th percentile
Risk Priority 70 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-41277 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Waterfall-Security Wf-500 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.3 (Critical).

Operationally, ranked in the top 31.2% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 AC-3 (Access Enforcement) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-41277 is an OS command injection vulnerability (CWE-78) affecting the Console WebUI component of Waterfall WF-500 TX and RX Hosts running version 7.9.1.0 R2502171040. The flaw permits improper neutralization of special elements in operating system commands, enabling execution of arbitrary commands on the underlying device.

Remote unauthenticated attackers can exploit the issue over the network without any credentials or user interaction. Successful exploitation grants full control over the host, resulting in complete compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability on the affected Waterfall appliance.

The vulnerability was identified and disclosed by Nozomi Networks Labs, with further details available in their advisory at the referenced URL.

EPSS for this CVE rose from a low starting value of 0.0037 to a peak of 0.0102, indicating emerging exploitation interest after disclosure.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Nozomi Networks Labs identified a CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') in the Console WebUI in Waterfall WF-500 TX and RX Hosts in version 7.9.1.0 R2502171040 that allows remote unauthenticated attackers to…

more

execute arbitrary operating system commands on the device.

CWE(s)
CWE-78

Related Threats

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-41276Same product: Waterfall-Security Wf-500
CVE-2025-41269Same product: Waterfall-Security Wf-500
CVE-2025-41272Same product: Waterfall-Security Wf-500
CVE-2025-41265Same product: Waterfall-Security Wf-500
CVE-2025-41274Same product: Waterfall-Security Wf-500
CVE-2025-41266Same product: Waterfall-Security Wf-500
CVE-2025-41267Same product: Waterfall-Security Wf-500
CVE-2025-41270Same product: Waterfall-Security Wf-500
CVE-2025-41275Same product: Waterfall-Security Wf-500
CVE-2025-41279Same product: Waterfall-Security Wf-500

Affected Assets

waterfall-security
wf-500 firmware
≤ 7.9.1.0_r2502171040

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match
prevent

Directly requires validation of all inputs to the WebUI to block special characters that enable OS command injection (CWE-78).

AC-3 Access Enforcement good match
prevent

Enforces access control on the Console WebUI so remote unauthenticated attackers cannot reach the vulnerable command-execution path.

AC-17 Remote Access partial match
prevent

Requires explicit authorization and security controls for all remote access sessions to the WF-500 hosts, eliminating unauthenticated network entry points.

References