Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-4395

Published
24 July 2025
Modified
17 June 2026
CVSS Score v3.1 6.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0027 19th percentile
Risk Priority 49 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-4395 is a medium-severity Empty Password in Configuration File (CWE-258) vulnerability in Cisa (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 6.8 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Valid Accounts (T1078); ranked at the 19th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to IA-2 (Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users)) and IA-5 (Authenticator Management) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A07:2025 Authentication Failures

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Medtronic MyCareLink Patient Monitor has a built-in user account with an empty password, which allows an attacker with physical access to log in with no password and access modify system functionality. This issue affects MyCareLink Patient Monitor models 24950 and…

more

24952: before June 25, 2025

CWE(s)
CWE-258

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1078 Valid Accounts Stealth
Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of existing accounts as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion.
attack.mitre.org →
T1552 Unsecured Credentials Credential Access
Adversaries may search compromised systems to find and obtain insecurely stored credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
T1552.001 Credentials In Files Credential Access
Adversaries may search local file systems and remote file shares for files containing insecurely stored credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-39439Shared CWE-258
CVE-2024-28744Shared CWE-258
CVE-2024-4106Shared CWE-258
CVE-2025-9276Shared CWE-258
CVE-2023-43016Shared CWE-258
CVE-2024-35137Shared CWE-258

Affected Assets

Cisa
—
inferred from references and description; NVD did not file a CPE for this CVE

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 6 hardening rules · 3 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

—

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

IA-2 Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users) good match

Mandatory identification and authentication of users cannot be satisfied by an empty password, blocking unauthenticated access paths.

IA-5 Authenticator Management good match

Authenticator management requires verification and secure distribution of passwords, directly stopping empty values from being accepted in configuration.

AC-3 Access Enforcement partial match

Access enforcement applies approved authorizations and therefore rejects attempts that rely on missing or empty credentials.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.AA-03 mostly match
prevents

Password-strength policy enforcement directly blocks empty passwords while authentication covers far more than credential storage.

PR.PS-01 mostly match
prevents

Hardened configuration baselines and reviews prevent empty-password settings, yet configuration management addresses many other settings beyond credentials.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.9 Configuration management mostly match
prevents

Configuration management processes would normally detect and correct insecure empty-password settings.

A.5.17 Authentication information partial match
prevents

Requires secure handling and protection of authentication credentials, directly addressing empty passwords in config files.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure development lifecycle includes controls that should prevent shipping empty passwords in configuration artifacts.

A.8.28 Secure coding partial match
prevents

Secure coding standards explicitly forbid hard-coded or empty credentials.

A.8.5 Secure authentication partial match
prevents

Mandates secure authentication mechanisms, preventing use of empty or weak passwords.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Oracle Linux 8 (2 rules)
  • V-248715 OL 8 must not allow blank or null passwords in the system-auth file. prevents CWE-258
  • V-248716 OL 8 must not allow blank or null passwords in the password-auth file. prevents CWE-258
Oracle Linux 9 (2 rules)
  • V-271634 OL 9 must not allow blank or null passwords. prevents CWE-258
  • V-271706 OL 9 SSHD must not allow blank passwords. prevents CWE-258
RHEL 7 (2 rules)
  • V-204424 The Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system must not allow accounts configured with blank or null passwords. prevents CWE-258
  • V-204425 The Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system must be configured so that the SSH daemon does not allow authentication using an empty password. prevents CWE-258

References