Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:HSummary
CVE-2025-45378 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Dell Cloudlink. Its CVSS base score is 9.1 (Critical).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked at the 29th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
CVE-2025-45378 is a vulnerability in the restricted shell of Dell CloudLink, affecting versions 8.0 through 8.1.2. Classified under CWE-78 (OS Command Injection), it enables a privileged user with a known password to break into the command shell of the CloudLink server, gain shell access, escalate privileges, and obtain unauthorized access to the system. The issue was published on 2025-11-05 and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating critical severity with network accessibility, low attack complexity, high privileges required, changed scope, and high impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Exploitation targets a privileged user account where the password is known to the attacker. If SSH is enabled with the server's web credentials, the attack can be performed remotely over the network. Upon success, the attacker achieves full command shell access, privilege escalation, and broad unauthorized control over the CloudLink server and underlying system resources.
Dell advisories detail mitigation in DSA-2025-374, a security update addressing multiple vulnerabilities in Dell CloudLink. Security practitioners should consult https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000384363/dsa-2025-374-security-update-for-dell-cloudlink-multiple-security-vulnerabilities for patch deployment instructions and additional remediation steps.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-37896
Vulnerability Data
Dell CloudLink, versions 8.0 through 8.1.2, contain vulnerability on restricted shell. A Privileged user with known password can break into command shell of CloudLink server and gain access of shell and escalate privilege, gain unauthorized access of system. If ssh…
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is enabled with web credentials of server, attack is possible through network with known privileged user/password.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
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Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Developer testing and evaluation can discover missing or incorrect command sanitization during development.
Input validation directly neutralizes or rejects special characters that would otherwise alter OS command structure.
Least privilege reduces the permissions available to any process that could be subverted by injected commands.
Least functionality restricts available OS commands and interpreters, limiting the blast radius of injection.
Secure engineering principles require proper neutralization of untrusted input before command construction.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.
Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Security testing and code review target insecure use of operating-system command interfaces, catching command-injection flaws introduced during development.