Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-45858

CriticalPublic PoCRCE

Published: 13 May 2025

Published
13 May 2025
Modified
23 May 2025
KEV Added
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Patch
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CVSS Score v3.1 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.1714 95.2th percentile
Risk Priority 30 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-45858 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Totolink A3002R Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 4.8% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis

TOTOLINK A3002R firmware version 4.0.0-B20230531.1404 contains a command injection vulnerability in the FUN_00459fdc function, tracked as CWE-78. The issue carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 9.8 reflecting network-accessible exploitation with no required credentials or user interaction and full impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Remote attackers can send crafted requests to the affected function and execute arbitrary operating-system commands on the device. Successful exploitation grants complete control over the router, enabling actions such as configuration changes, traffic interception, or persistence mechanisms without prior authentication.

Public references point to a detailed technical write-up on GitHub and the vendor firmware download page, but no explicit mitigation guidance or patch release notes are provided in the available sources. The EPSS score of 0.1714 shows sustained moderate exploitation probability since disclosure.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

TOTOLINK A3002R v4.0.0-B20230531.1404 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the FUN_00459fdc function.

CWE(s)
CWE-78

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

Command injection vulnerability in TOTOLINK router firmware enables exploitation of public-facing web application (T1190) for remote Unix shell command execution (T1059.004).

Affected Assets

totolink
a3002r firmware
4.0.0-b20230531.1404

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

SC-27 Platform-independent Applications
addresses: CWE-78

Platform-independent apps typically execute inside a managed runtime or sandbox that restricts direct OS command execution, reducing the ability to exploit OS command injection.

SI-10 Information Input Validation
addresses: CWE-78

Validates inputs to block special elements that would alter OS command execution.

References