Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-25610

Memory Safety in Totolink A3002R Firmware 1.1.1-b20200824.0128

Memory Safety
Published
28 February 2025
Modified
03 April 2025
CVSS Score v3.1 8.0
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0026 18th percentile
Risk Priority 57 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-25610 is a high-severity Classic Buffer Overflow (CWE-120) vulnerability in Totolink A3002R Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 8.0 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked at the 18th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

TOTOLINK A3002R router firmware version V1.1.1-B20200824.0128 is affected by CVE-2025-25610, a buffer overflow vulnerability (CWE-120) due to improper input validation of the static_gw parameter in the formIpv6Setup interface handled by the /bin/boa web server component. Published on 2025-02-28, the issue carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.0 (AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating high severity with potential for significant impact.

An attacker with low privileges (PR:L) on an adjacent network (AV:A) can exploit this vulnerability with low attack complexity and no user interaction. By sending crafted input to the static_gw parameter, the buffer overflow could enable arbitrary code execution, leading to high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts, such as full router compromise, data theft, or further network pivoting.

Additional technical details, including analysis of the formIpv6Setup interface, are documented in a GitHub advisory at https://github.com/SunnyYANGyaya/firmcrosser/blob/main/ToTolink/TOTOLINK-A3002R-formIpv6Setup-static_gw.md. No official patches or vendor mitigations are specified in available information.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

TOTOlink A3002R V1.1.1-B20200824.0128 contains a buffer overflow vulnerability. The vulnerability arises from the improper input validation of the static_gw parameter in the formIpv6Setup interface of /bin/boa.

CWE(s)
CWE-120

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
attack.mitre.org →
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-33820Same product: Totolink A3002R
CVE-2025-45865Same product: Totolink A3002R
CVE-2025-45863Same product: Totolink A3002R
CVE-2025-45859Same product: Totolink A3002R
CVE-2025-45866Same product: Totolink A3002R
CVE-2024-42520Same product: Totolink A3002R
CVE-2025-45864Same product: Totolink A3002R
CVE-2025-45861Same product: Totolink A3002R
CVE-2025-25635Same product: Totolink A3002R
CVE-2025-25609Same product: Totolink A3002R

Affected Assets

totolink
a3002r firmware
1.1.1-b20200824.0128

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V5.2.1

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation good match

Developer testing and analysis can find missing size checks before deployment.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

Input validation directly enforces size checks before buffer copies.

SA-8 Security and Privacy Engineering Principles partial match

Engineering principles require bounds checking and safe buffer handling in design.

SI-16 Memory Protection partial match

Memory protection limits the impact of an overflow once it occurs.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure development practices directly enforce bounds checking and input validation that prevent classic buffer overflows.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability identification processes such as code review or scanning detect classic buffer overflows before exploitation.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching replaces vulnerable code containing unchecked buffer copies with corrected versions.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.28 Secure coding mostly match
prevents

Secure coding directly requires bounds-checked memory operations, addressing the root cause of CWE-120.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing in development and acceptance can detect buffer overflows through fuzzing and static analysis, though it does not prevent them at the source.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates processes that can include input validation and bounds checking to prevent buffer overflows.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements can specify input-size validation and safe buffer handling to mitigate classic buffer overflows.

A.8.27 Secure system architecture and engineering principles partial match
prevents

Secure system architecture and engineering principles promote defensive coding patterns that reduce the likelihood of unchecked buffer copies.

References