Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-9781

High

Published: 01 September 2025

Published
01 September 2025
Modified
04 September 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 8.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0029 52.8th percentile
Risk Priority 18 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-9781 is a high-severity Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer (CWE-119) vulnerability in Totolink A702R Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 47.2% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Directly mandates timely remediation of the buffer overflow flaw in the sub_4162DC function via firmware patching for the TOTOLINK A702R.

prevent

Requires validation of the ip6addr argument in /boafrm/formFilter to prevent malformed IPv6 inputs from triggering the buffer overflow.

prevent

Implements memory protections like stack canaries and ASLR to mitigate exploitation of the buffer overflow for arbitrary code execution.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
Why these techniques?

Buffer overflow in public web form (/boafrm/formFilter) enables remote authenticated exploitation for RCE and privilege escalation on network device.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

A vulnerability has been found in TOTOLINK A702R 4.0.0-B20211108.1423. This affects the function sub_4162DC of the file /boafrm/formFilter. Such manipulation of the argument ip6addr leads to buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to…

more

the public and may be used.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-9781 is a buffer overflow vulnerability affecting the TOTOLINK A702R router on firmware version 4.0.0-B20211108.1423. The flaw exists in the sub_4162DC function of the /boafrm/formFilter file, where manipulation of the ip6addr argument triggers the overflow. It is classified under CWE-119 and CWE-120, with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

A remote attacker with low privileges can exploit this vulnerability over the network with low complexity and no user interaction. Successful exploitation leads to high impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, potentially allowing arbitrary code execution or system compromise on the affected router.

References including VulDB entries and a GitHub repository provide details on the vulnerability, with the latter disclosing a proof-of-concept exploit that may be used by attackers. No patches or specific mitigation guidance are detailed in the available advisories.

The exploit has been publicly disclosed, elevating the risk for unpatched TOTOLINK A702R devices exposed to the internet.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

totolink
a702r firmware
4.0.0-b20211108.1423

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-9780Same product: Totolink A702R
CVE-2025-9783Same product: Totolink A702R
CVE-2025-9779Same product: Totolink A702R
CVE-2025-8139Same product: Totolink A702R
CVE-2025-8138Same product: Totolink A702R
CVE-2025-8136Same product: Totolink A702R
CVE-2025-8137Same product: Totolink A702R
CVE-2025-8140Same product: Totolink A702R
CVE-2025-9782Same product: Totolink A702R
CVE-2026-1686Same vendor: Totolink

References