Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-55591

CriticalPublic PoCRCE

Published: 18 August 2025

Published
18 August 2025
Modified
21 August 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0955 92.9th percentile
Risk Priority 25 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-55591 is a critical-severity Command Injection (CWE-77) vulnerability in Totolink A3002R Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Network Device CLI (T1059.008); ranked in the top 7.1% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Network Device CLI (T1059.008) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Directly mitigates command injection by requiring validation of the devicemac parameter to reject malicious inputs before execution.

prevent

Restricts the devicemac input to expected MAC address formats and lengths, blocking oversized or malformed payloads used in command injection.

prevent

Requires timely identification, reporting, and patching of the specific command injection flaw in the router firmware version.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1059.008 Network Device CLI Execution
Adversaries may abuse scripting or built-in command line interpreters (CLI) on network devices to execute malicious command and payloads.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
Why these techniques?

Command injection in web endpoint (formMapDel/devicemac) enables exploitation of public-facing application (T1190) and command execution on network device CLI (T1059.008).

NVD Description

TOTOLINK-A3002R v4.0.0-B20230531.1404 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the devicemac parameter in the formMapDel endpoint.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-55591 is a command injection vulnerability (CWE-77) affecting the TOTOLINK A3002R router in version v4.0.0-B20230531.1404. The issue exists in the devicemac parameter within the formMapDel endpoint, allowing attackers to inject and execute arbitrary operating system commands. Published on 2025-08-18, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating critical severity due to its network accessibility and comprehensive impact potential.

Remote attackers require no privileges, authentication, or user interaction to exploit the vulnerability over the network with low complexity. Successful exploitation enables arbitrary command execution on the underlying system, resulting in high impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability, such as unauthorized data access, modification of device configurations, or denial of service.

A proof-of-concept exploit is publicly available on GitHub at https://github.com/goldenGlow21/softwares_PoC/blob/main/A3002R_V4/Boa%20-%20Command%20Injection/PoC%202.md. No vendor advisories, patches, or official mitigation guidance are referenced in the available information.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

totolink
a3002r firmware
4.0.0-b20230531.1404

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-25579Same product: Totolink A3002R
CVE-2025-25609Same product: Totolink A3002R
CVE-2025-25635Same product: Totolink A3002R
CVE-2025-25610Same product: Totolink A3002R
CVE-2024-57211Same vendor: Totolink
CVE-2025-52046Same vendor: Totolink
CVE-2025-61044Same vendor: Totolink
CVE-2026-4497Same vendor: Totolink
CVE-2026-5105Same vendor: Totolink
CVE-2026-2167Same vendor: Totolink

References