CVE-2025-49688
Published: 08 July 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-49688 is a high-severity Double Free (CWE-415) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows Server 2012. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation of Remote Services (T1210); ranked in the top 29.3% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-16 (Memory Protection) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).
Threat & Defense at a Glance
Threat & Defense Details
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI
Directly addresses the double free vulnerability by requiring timely identification, reporting, and remediation through vendor patches for RRAS.
Provides memory protections like DEP and ASLR that prevent or hinder arbitrary code execution from double free exploits in RRAS.
Minimizes exposure by disabling or restricting unnecessary RRAS functionality, reducing the attack surface for remote network exploitation.
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Double-free memory corruption in the network-accessible RRAS service directly enables remote exploitation for arbitrary code execution (T1210).
NVD Description
Double free in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
Deeper analysisAI
CVE-2025-49688 is a double free vulnerability (CWE-415) in the Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS). It affects Windows systems running RRAS, with the issue publicly disclosed on 2025-07-08. The vulnerability enables an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network, earning a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
An unauthorized attacker with network access can exploit this vulnerability remotely with low complexity and no required privileges, though user interaction is necessary. Successful exploitation allows arbitrary code execution, resulting in high impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
The Microsoft Security Response Center advisory provides details on mitigation and patches at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-49688.
Details
- CWE(s)